冷战结束前后以色列新一代俄裔犹太移民的形成及其影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 17:35

本文选题：冷战 + 结束　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 以色列是移民国家,拥有众多的犹太移民群体。因为原住国和文化背景的不同,移民群体之间存在着共性和差异。各移民群体的利益诉求,直接牵动着以色列国内局势和对外关系的走向。因此,研究以色列移民群体,特别是其中的主要移民群体,分析其对以内政外交的影响,应是解决以巴冲突的着眼点之一。俄籍犹太人是以色列犹太移民的主要来源之一。一个半世纪以来,俄籍犹太人的命运随着俄罗斯历史进程的发展而跌宕起伏,兴起过多次大规模的移民浪潮。从20世纪70年代起至今的30多年时间里,更是掀起了百万犹太人移民以色列的浪潮,为世界瞩目。目前,以色列俄裔犹太移民约86万人,占以色列人口的1/10强,他们构成了以色列一个具有特殊文化背景的群体——新一代俄裔犹太移民。他们继承先辈们复兴犹太国家和犹太民族的志向,经过30年的适应和发展,已经成为现代犹太国家的建设者,活跃在以色列社会的各个领域,为以色列的建设和发展注入了新的活力。新一代俄裔犹太移民身负厚重的俄罗斯文化积淀和悠久的犹太人历史传统,在民族共性和文化差异的交错中,建构起具有文化特性的身份认同——以色列犹太民族中具有显著俄罗斯文化特点的成员。新一代俄裔犹太移民的生存发展过程,因其特定的历史和现实环境,经历了明确犹太民族身份、加入以色列国家、维系俄罗斯文化、融入以色列社会四个阶段,由此形成民族认同、国家认同、族群认同和社会认同。新一代俄裔犹太移民面对苏联时期的压抑和同化进行了文化抗争,通过积极建构民族认同,以维护自身的存在。浓厚的民族意识不仅催生出俄裔犹太人返回民族故地的坚定信念,而且形成了具有强烈封闭性质和排他性质的民族主义情感,其中不乏极端倾向,从而影响甚至制约着以色列政府的中东政策。新一代俄裔犹太移民通过历史认知和文化自觉,建构起对犹太国家的认同。一俟这种认同走向了偏执,他们便竭力主张控制自然资源,维护以色列在中东地区的绝对优势,而毫不顾及阿拉伯国家的发展需求。例如,土地和淡水资源的分配始终是中东和谈的主要障碍之一。新一代俄裔犹太移民曾因其“非犹太化”特征而受到以色列本土社会的排异,又因其“俄罗斯化”特征而增强了原住国文化的传承。应运而生的“俄罗斯街”和俄裔犹太移民社团,在新一代俄裔犹太移民建构族群认同、保护群体利益的过程中,扮演了重要角色。族群认同引发出强烈的自保意识,反对任何有损俄裔犹太移民利益的行为,反对以色列政府实行“单边隔离计划”和拆除犹太人定居点。新一代俄裔犹太移民的生存和发展,必须借助以色列社会的力量,追求与以色列本土民众的文化融合,与现代犹太国家形成紧密相连的共同命运。社会认同的建构,促使新一代俄裔犹太移民自觉采取行动,在积极促进以色列经济建设和科学发展的同时,组建政党主动参与政治生活,以“对巴以关系的立场”和“对俄裔犹太移民的关注”为标准,制约以色列内外政策的制定和实施。新一代俄裔犹太移民政党组织已经成为一支不可忽视的力量,掌握了国家政治话语权,对20世纪末和21世纪初以色列政局变化的导向作用非常突出。新一代俄裔犹太移民的价值观念和由此而产生的政治主张,成为以色列政府制定内外政策时必须考虑的重要依据。新一代俄裔犹太移民建构民族认同、国家认同、族群认同、社会认同的过程,伴随着内在的发展逻辑:从追求民族情感到返回民族家园,从寻找历史归宿到移居巴勒斯坦故土,从移民数量的增加到人口结构的变化,从相互聚居的群体到相对固定的社团,从维护群体利益到参与政治事务,从参加各类政党体现自身的存在到创建自己的政党发出自己的声音,从关注政策的制定到参与政策的制定,从影响国内政策到影响对外政策。 20世纪90年代以来,新一代俄裔犹太移民对以内政外交的走向有着重要的影响,特别是对以色列政府中东政策的制约日益增强,牵动着中东局势的发展,成为中东问题中的一个重要变数。新一代俄裔犹太移民及其影响研究已经成为中东问题研究中的一个重要方面。
[Abstract]:Israel is an immigrant country and has a large number of Jewish immigrants. Because of the differences in the original and cultural backgrounds, there are similarities and differences between the immigrant groups. The interest demands of the immigrant groups directly affect the domestic situation and the trend of foreign relations in Israel. Therefore, the study of Israeli immigration groups, especially the main immigrants Group analysis of its impact on domestic and foreign affairs should be one of the focuses of resolving the Israeli Palestinian conflict.
Russian Jews are one of the main sources of Israeli Jewish immigrants. Since the 1.5 century, the fate of Russian Jews has been undulating with the development of Russian history and a large number of large wave of immigration. In the 30 years since 1970s, millions of Jews have immigrated to Israel. At present, there are about 860 thousand Jewish immigrants from Israel, which are about 860 thousand Jewish immigrants, making up the strong 1/10 of the Israeli population. They constitute a group of Israeli people with a special cultural background - a new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants. They inherit the ancestors' aspirations to revive the Jewish and Jewish people. After 30 years of adaptation and development, they have become The builders of Modern Jewish countries are active in all fields of Israeli society and have injected new vitality into the building and development of Israel.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has a heavy Russian cultural accumulation and a long tradition of Jewish history. In the interlacing of national commonness and cultural differences, it constructs a cultural identity identity - a member of the Israeli Jewish nation with remarkable Russian cultural characteristics.
The process of the survival and development of the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has experienced a clear Jewish national identity, joining the Israeli state, maintaining the Russian culture and integrating the four stages of the Israeli society because of its specific historical and realistic environment, thus forming national identity, national identity, ethnic identity and social identity.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants, in the face of the repression and assimilation of the Soviet period, carried out a cultural struggle, and maintained their own existence by actively constructing their national identity. The strong national consciousness not only gave birth to the firm belief of the return of Russian Jews to the homeland of the nation, but also formed a nationalist feeling of strong closed nature and exclusiveness. There are many extreme tendencies, which affect and even restrict the Israeli government's Middle East policy.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants, through historical cognition and cultural consciousness, constructs the identity of the Jewish state. As soon as this recognition goes to paranoia, they strive to maintain the control of natural resources and maintain the absolute superiority of Israel in the Middle East, without regard to the development needs of Arabia countries. For example, the distribution of land and fresh water resources. It is always one of the main obstacles to the peace talks in the Middle East.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has been different from the native Israeli society because of its "non synagogue" characteristics, and has strengthened the heritage of the native culture because of its "Russian" characteristics. The "Russian Street" and Russian Jewish immigrants' associations have constructed a new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants to construct ethnic identity and protect the interests of the group. In the process, it played an important role. Ethnic identity triggered a strong sense of self-protection, opposed any act that undermines the interests of Russian Jewish immigrants, and opposed the Israeli government's "unilateral isolation plan" and the dismantling of Jewish settlements.
The survival and development of the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants must rely on the power of the Israeli society to pursue the cultural integration of the local people of Israel and the common fate of the Modern Jewish state. The construction of social identity encourages the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants to take action consciously and actively promote the construction of the Israeli economy and the economic construction of Israel. At the same time, the establishment of political parties to participate in political life actively, with the "stand for Palestine and Israel" and "attention to Russian Jewish immigrants" as the standard, restrict the formulation and implementation of Israeli and foreign policies.
The new generation of Russian Jewish civil affairs organization has become a force that can not be ignored. It has mastered the political discourse power of the state and has a prominent role in guiding the changes of Israeli political situation at the end of the twentieth Century and early twenty-first Century. The values of the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants and the resulting political ideas have become the Israeli government's internal and external affairs. The important basis must be taken into consideration in the policy of policy.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants to construct national identity, national identity, ethnic identity and social identity is accompanied by internal development logic: from the pursuit of national emotion to returning to the national home, from the search for historical home to the homeland of Palestine, from the increase in the number of immigrants to the change of the population structure, from the groups living together to the relative. The fixed community, from maintaining the interests of the group to the political affairs, from participating in various political parties to embody their own existence to the creation of their own political party, issued their own voice, from the formulation of the policy to the formulation of the participation policy, from the impact of domestic policies to the influence of foreign policy.
Since the 1990s, the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has an important influence on the trend of internal and foreign affairs, especially the restrictions on the Middle East policy of the Israeli government, which has led to the development of the Middle East and became an important variable in the Middle East. The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants and their influence has become the Middle East. An important aspect of the problem study.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K382

【引证文献】