论15世纪至17世纪医院骑士团对马耳他岛的经营
发布时间：2018-07-15 18:19
【摘要】：医院骑士团是欧洲最古老的天主教军事修道骑士会(简称“军事修会”)之一,其成员也被称为“圣约翰骑士”,是历史上著名的“三大骑士团”之一。在十字军被伊斯兰教势力逐出巴勒斯坦地区之后,医院骑士团先后转战于东地中海地区的塞浦路斯和罗德岛,但骑士团在这些地方都没能成功立足,直到16世纪获得神圣罗马帝国的赐封才来到马耳他岛安身。身处马耳他岛的医院骑士团是这一时期西方世界在东地中海地区边界上对抗奥斯曼土耳其帝国的重要力量,在骑士团控制马耳他岛的数百年时间里,他们将天主教的信仰以及各种西方制度带到了这个原本文明发展滞后的小岛,马耳他经过骑士团的苦心经营经济社会状况得到改善。参与马耳他建设的同时,骑士团面临的最大危机便是奥斯曼帝国的军事围堵。作为奥斯曼——哈布斯堡战争的重要参与者之一,骑士团在马耳他岛的存亡关系着整个西方世界的安危。坚守马耳他岛的医院骑士团在西方盟友的配合下最终取得了对土耳其人的军事胜利,作为西方世界在东地中海屏障的医院骑士团在马耳他岛经过苦心经营立下了脚跟,西欧也为此能在一个安定的环境中继续进行近代的社会转型运动。如今医院骑士团在马耳他的统治已成为历史,只剩下骑士团为马耳他打造的新都瓦莱塔作为人类文化遗产供后人凭吊。但由医院骑士团演变而来的“马耳他骑士团”褪去了军事功能而专注于医疗慈善事业,古老的骑士团其救死扶伤、平等博爱的人文关怀以及高贵、坚毅的骑士精神继续在文化领域给予今人以启示。
[Abstract]:The Hospital Knights order is one of the oldest Catholic military order knights in Europe, and its members are also known as the Holy John Knights, one of the three great knights in history. After the crusades were expelled from the Palestinian territories by Islamic forces, the Hospitals moved to Cyprus and Rhode Island in the Eastern Mediterranean, but the order failed to establish a foothold there. It was not until the 16th century that the Holy Roman Empire was proclaimed to the island of Malta. The Knights of Hospitals on the Island of Malta were important forces of the Western world against the Ottoman Turkish Empire on the border of the Eastern Mediterranean during this period, during the centuries in which the order controlled the island of Malta. They brought Catholicism and various Western institutions to this island, where civilization had lagged behind, and Malta improved its economic and social conditions through the hard work of the Knights. While participating in the construction of Malta, the Knights faced the greatest crisis was the military siege of the Ottoman Empire. As one of the important participants in the Ottoman-Hapsburg War, the survival of the Knights in Malta is related to the safety of the whole western world. With the cooperation of Western allies, the Hospitals who held fast to Malta finally won a military victory against the Turks. As the Western medical order in the Eastern Mediterranean Barrier, the Knights League of Hospitals set up their feet on the Island of Malta after painstaking operation. For this reason, Western Europe was able to continue its modern social transformation in a stable environment. The rule of the Hospitals in Malta is now a thing of the past, leaving the Knights' new capital, Valletta, as the cultural heritage of humanity. But the Sovereign order of Malta, evolved from the Knights of Hospitals, lost its military function and focused on medical philanthropy, the ancient order of Knights, its life-saving care, the equal and fraternal care of humanity, and its nobility. The determined chivalry continues to enlighten the present in the field of culture.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K13
[Abstract]:The Hospital Knights order is one of the oldest Catholic military order knights in Europe, and its members are also known as the Holy John Knights, one of the three great knights in history. After the crusades were expelled from the Palestinian territories by Islamic forces, the Hospitals moved to Cyprus and Rhode Island in the Eastern Mediterranean, but the order failed to establish a foothold there. It was not until the 16th century that the Holy Roman Empire was proclaimed to the island of Malta. The Knights of Hospitals on the Island of Malta were important forces of the Western world against the Ottoman Turkish Empire on the border of the Eastern Mediterranean during this period, during the centuries in which the order controlled the island of Malta. They brought Catholicism and various Western institutions to this island, where civilization had lagged behind, and Malta improved its economic and social conditions through the hard work of the Knights. While participating in the construction of Malta, the Knights faced the greatest crisis was the military siege of the Ottoman Empire. As one of the important participants in the Ottoman-Hapsburg War, the survival of the Knights in Malta is related to the safety of the whole western world. With the cooperation of Western allies, the Hospitals who held fast to Malta finally won a military victory against the Turks. As the Western medical order in the Eastern Mediterranean Barrier, the Knights League of Hospitals set up their feet on the Island of Malta after painstaking operation. For this reason, Western Europe was able to continue its modern social transformation in a stable environment. The rule of the Hospitals in Malta is now a thing of the past, leaving the Knights' new capital, Valletta, as the cultural heritage of humanity. But the Sovereign order of Malta, evolved from the Knights of Hospitals, lost its military function and focused on medical philanthropy, the ancient order of Knights, its life-saving care, the equal and fraternal care of humanity, and its nobility. The determined chivalry continues to enlighten the present in the field of culture.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K13
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