英国废奴运动

发布时间：2018-08-07 21:39

【摘要】： 英国奴隶贸易历时245年,它由盲目性的海盗式贸易发展成为世界上最庞大的、组织体系健全的“合法贸易”,几乎所有的领域都与其有着不同程度的关联,而且,其存在的根基——殖民地奴隶制“日臻完善”。1783年以前,在奴隶贸易问题上,英国各个阶层几乎是完全一致的支持态度,这样就决定了英国废奴运动必须走一条复杂而曲折的道路。基于宗教伦理的人道主义是英国早期反对奴隶贸易的基本指导思想,人道主义者用它制止了奴隶制之魔爪伸向英伦三岛,从此拉开了废奴运动的序幕。1787年,伦敦废除奴隶贸易协会建立后,废奴运动进入组织化、系统化的阶段。废奴主义者四处收集有关证据并公布于众,经过多年的努力,改变了英国公众对奴隶贸易无知的状况,沉默之墙终于开裂。英国男性废奴主义者一直认为“废除了奴隶贸易,奴隶制自然也就消失”,因而把目标集中在废除奴隶贸易之上。这种理论认识不仅影响废奴主义者的策略,还左右英国政府制定废奴决议。但它是本末倒置的理论,导致治标不治本的方案出台,失败的命运是注定的。女性废奴主义者认为只有废除了殖民地的奴隶制,废除奴隶贸易才能实现,并建立女性废除奴隶制组织,而且始终从废奴运动的全局出发,在关键时刻为废奴运动注入了活力,她们的观点也发展为废除奴隶制的指导思想。与此同时,英国议会改革的胜利为废奴运动提供了政治保障;外交方面的胜利为全面废除奴隶贸易和奴隶制开了方便之门;废奴协会组织的民众请愿活动和消费抵制活动促使英国政府必须尽快采取有效措施废除奴隶贸易和奴隶制。在废奴主义者的领导下,团结一切可团结的力量,英国废奴运动最终取得了胜利,其意义和影响非同凡响,但其结果也值得进一步反思。
[Abstract]:The British slave trade, which lasted 245 years, evolved from a blind pirate trade into the world's largest, well-organized "legal trade", with almost all areas related to it to varying degrees, and, The root of its existence, colonial slavery, was "getting better and better". Before 1783, there was almost complete support from all sectors of Britain on the issue of the slave trade. This decided that the British abolitionist movement had to follow a complicated and tortuous road. Humanitarianism based on religious ethics was the basic guiding ideology of the early British opposition to the slave trade, which was used by humanitarians to stop slavery from spreading to the three British islands, and the prologue of the abolitionist movement began in 1787. After the establishment of the London Association for the abolition of Slave Trade, the abolitionist movement entered a stage of systematization and systematization. The abolitionists gathered evidence and made it public. After years of hard work, the wall of silence finally broke down after years of effort to change the ignorance of the British public about the slave trade. British male abolitionists always thought that the abolition of the slave trade, slavery would naturally disappear, so focused on the abolition of the slave trade. This theory not only influenced the abolitionist strategy, but also influenced the British government to make abolitionist decisions. However, it is the theory of putting the cart before the horse, leading to the introduction of a palliative and permanent solution, and the fate of failure is doomed. The female abolitionists held that only by abolishing colonial slavery and abolishing the slave trade could the abolition of slavery be realized, and the female abolitionist organization should be established, and the abolitionist movement had always been enlivened by the abolitionist movement at the critical moment. Their views also developed into guidelines for the abolition of slavery. At the same time, the victory of British parliamentary reform provided political guarantee for the abolitionist movement, and diplomatic victory opened the way for the total abolition of the slave trade and slavery. The popular petitions and consumer boycotts organized by the abolitionist Association urge the British government to take effective measures to abolish the slave trade and slavery as soon as possible. Under the leadership of abolitionists, the abolitionist unifies all the forces that can be United. The English abolitionist movement has finally won the victory, its significance and influence is extraordinary, but its result also deserves further reflection.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561.43

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