试论古罗马著作家对古希腊著作的翻译

发布时间：2018-08-09 13:44

【摘要】： 罗马文化是在希腊文化的基础上发展来的。罗马在与希腊接触之前就已受到希腊文化的影响，这种影响是间接的，是通过其它民族和城邦实现的。罗马通过军事战争、领土扩张与越来越多的希腊城邦接触，受到的希腊的影响也是包含了各个方面。本文旨在论述罗马在翻译希腊著作方面的成果。罗马从一个蕞尔小国发展成地跨欧、亚、非三洲的大帝国，武力征服是主要手段。先是自己的生存斗争，反对伊达拉里亚的统治，抵御高卢人的入侵和邻邦的威胁，在罗马巩固了自己的统治之后，就走上了对外扩张的道路。先是在意大利半岛的征服，通过逐步地向南部吞噬，与希腊的接触也越来越直接，受到的影响也越来越大。吞并了整个意大利半岛之后，罗马又把目光看向了海外，持续上百年的布匿战争使罗马得偿所愿，将西地中海据为己有。然后战场又转移到了东地中海，击败了马其顿和塞琉古之后，东地中海也成为了罗马的行省，面对希腊城邦的反抗，罗马采取了镇压的政策，最后将希腊也并入了自己的版图。到公元前2世纪，罗马成了地跨欧、亚、非三洲的大帝国，地中海成了罗马人的内湖。随着罗马的征服活动，受到的希腊影响也逐渐扩大，几乎遍布了生活的各个方面。在希腊文化的强烈冲击下。罗马社会出现了两种不同的对待希腊文化的态度，以西庇欧（Scipio）为首的一部分人推崇希腊文化，因为看到了希腊文化的辉煌，给罗马社会带来了新的活力；以加图为首的保守派则极力反对希腊文化在罗马的传播，，因为希腊文化中的颓废堕落思想也不可避免的进入罗马社会，破坏了罗马传统的道德和简朴。但是，这种阻止并没有起到实质的作用。在罗马继承希腊文化之前，也存在过一些文学形式，史料表明，在公元前3世纪之前，罗马就存在过劳动歌曲、宗教颂歌、宴会歌、悼亡曲、讽刺歌曲、菲斯克尼曲、萨图尼乌斯诗体、杂戏、阿特拉剧和模拟剧、历史记事以及演说等。只是其中的一些早早就散失了，我们只能从一些作品的言语中知道这些形式曾经存在过，也有一些是受到其它民族的影响，在本土文化的基础上发展来的。但是由于罗马一直忙于军事战争而忽略了文学的发展，使得在与希腊接触之前，罗马少有文学作品诞生。初期，罗马对希腊文化的继承主要是翻译希腊著作，无论是形式还是内容都直接承自希腊。但是，早期的翻译作品由于年代久远，流传下来的极为有限，遗留下来的翻译作品以戏剧为主，悲剧的翻译作品除了一些作者有些片段遗留之外，也基本散佚了。喜剧作品以普劳图斯和泰伦斯的翻译为主，他们的翻译作品基本遵循原文，但是根据社会的需要对原文也有改动。翻译不仅使罗马学习了希腊的先进文化，也刺激了罗马本民族文化的创作。希腊著作有些因书写材料所限，在漫长的历史长河中逐渐失传，但有些通过古罗马的翻译，希腊思想、著作得以保存。这些翻译作品也构成了以后欧洲文学发展的一部分。
[Abstract]:Rome culture was developed on the basis of Greek culture. Rome had been influenced by Greek culture before contact with Greece. The influence was indirect and realized through other nations and states. Rome was exposed to more and more Greek cities through military warfare, territorial expansion and the influence of Greece. This paper aims at discussing the achievements of Rome in translating Greek works.
Rome was developed from a small country to Europe, Asia, and the great empire of non three continents, the main means of force conquest. First, it was his own struggle for survival, against the rule of the Iraqi government, against the invasion of the high Lu and the threat of the neighbours, and after the consolidation of his rule in Rome, it was on the road of external expansion. First, half of Italy. The conquest of the island, through the gradual engulfing of the south, became more and more direct and influenced by Greece. After annexation of the entire Italy Peninsula, Rome looked abroad, and the last hundred years of the Punic War brought Rome to his wish and the western Mediterranean as its own. Then the battlefield was transferred to the East. After defeating Macedonian and cyrru, the eastern Mediterranean became the province of Rome. Facing the resistance of the Greek city states, Rome took the policy of repression and finally merged Greece into its own layout. By second Century B.C., Rome became the great empire of Europe, Asia, non three continents, and the Mediterranean became the inner Lake of the Romans.
With the conquest of Rome, the influence of Greece was gradually expanded, almost all aspects of life. Under the strong impact of Greek culture, Rome society appeared two different attitudes towards Greek culture, and a part of the Scipio led Greek culture, because of the glory of Greek culture, Rome has brought new vitality to the society; the Conservatives, headed by the pictures, are strongly opposed to the spread of Greek culture in Rome, because the decadent and decadent thought in Greek culture inevitably enters the society of Rome and destroys the traditional morality and simplicity of Rome. However, this hindrance does not play a substantial role.
Before the inheritance of Greek culture in Rome, there were some literary forms. Historical data showed that before the third Century B.C., Rome existed labor songs, religious anthem, banquet songs, mourning songs, sarcasm, Saturni Lucius poetry, miscellaneous plays, Atla plays and analogue dramas, historical events, and speeches. Some of the earlier lost, we can only know from the words of some works that these forms have existed, and some are influenced by other peoples and developed on the basis of local culture. But because Rome has been busy with military war and ignored the development of literature, there are few literature before the contact with Greece in Rome. The work was born.
In the early days, Rome's inheritance of Greek culture was mainly the translation of Greek works, both in form and in content, from Greece. However, the early translations were very limited because of the long history of the translation works, and the legacy of translation works were dominated by drama, and the tragic translation works were left behind by some of the author's fragments. Basically, the comic works are mainly translated by the translations of pro and Terrence and their translations basically follow the original text, but they are also changed according to the needs of the society.
The translation not only made Rome study the advanced culture of Greece, but also stimulated the creation of the Chinese culture in Rome. Some of the Greek works were gradually lost in the long history of history because of the writing materials, but some of them have been preserved through the translation of ancient Rome, Greek ideas and books. A part.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K126

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