尼克松政府的越南战争政策和策略
发布时间：2018-08-15 16:45
【摘要】： 越南战争是美国历史上最久的一场战争,它历经美国三任总统,肯尼迪、约翰逊和尼克松。也是美国历史上的一场大悲剧,他给美国的政治、经济、社会、和心理带来了深刻的危机。尼克松入主白宫之时,美国正面临着越战进退两难的困境:进——短期内不能取胜;退—美国又不能简单的一走了之,犹如“骨鲠在喉”。面对这种局面,尼克松政府确立了越战的总目标为“体面地结束越南战争”“体面的和平”“光荣撤军”㖞。为此美国采取了“双轨”政策,即“越南化”计划和巴黎和谈。一方面,通过“越南化”计划建立一支能代替美军作战的“当地部队”,美军逐渐从战场抽身并撤离这个国家。另一方面,企图通过巴黎公开的和秘密的谈判,实现美国和越南民主共和国从越南南方“共同撤军”,保住南越阮文绍政权。为了“越南化”计划的顺利实施,尼克松政府不惜采取扩大战争和升级战争的策略;为了巴黎和谈能够取得成功,尼克松政府曾制定对河内进行核打击的计划,并进行秘密核警报。这些用武力以及用武力威胁的策略都没能逼河内就范,尼克松转而对美国的外交政策进行调整,实现了中美和解和美苏缓和。孤立河内的策略产生了作用,巴黎和谈终于取得成功,美国撤出在越南的全部军队,结束了历史上长达12年之久的战争。
[Abstract]:The Vietnam War is the longest war in American history. It has gone through three presidents, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. It is also a great tragedy in American history. Faced with this situation, the Nixon administration established the overall goal of the Vietnam War as "a decent end to the Vietnam War", "a decent peace", "a glorious withdrawal"? "The United States adopted a"two-track"policy, that is,"Vietnamization"plan. Peace talks with Paris. On the one hand, through the "Vietnamization" program to establish a "local force" to replace the U.S. military operations, the U.S. military gradually withdraws from the battlefield and withdraws from the country. On the other hand, through open and secret negotiations in Paris, the United States and the Vietnamese Democratic Republic of Vietnam "jointly withdraw" from southern Vietnam to preserve South Vietnam. Nguyen Wenshao's regime. For the successful implementation of the Vietnamization plan, the Nixon administration spared no effort in expanding and escalating the war; for the success of the Paris peace talks, the Nixon administration made plans for a nuclear strike on Hanoi and carried out secret nuclear warnings. None of these tactics of using force or threatening by force was able to do so. The strategy of isolating Hanoi worked. The Paris peace talks finally succeeded. The United States withdrew all its troops from Vietnam, ending a 12-year war in history.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.54;D871.2
本文编号：2184808
[Abstract]:The Vietnam War is the longest war in American history. It has gone through three presidents, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. It is also a great tragedy in American history. Faced with this situation, the Nixon administration established the overall goal of the Vietnam War as "a decent end to the Vietnam War", "a decent peace", "a glorious withdrawal"? "The United States adopted a"two-track"policy, that is,"Vietnamization"plan. Peace talks with Paris. On the one hand, through the "Vietnamization" program to establish a "local force" to replace the U.S. military operations, the U.S. military gradually withdraws from the battlefield and withdraws from the country. On the other hand, through open and secret negotiations in Paris, the United States and the Vietnamese Democratic Republic of Vietnam "jointly withdraw" from southern Vietnam to preserve South Vietnam. Nguyen Wenshao's regime. For the successful implementation of the Vietnamization plan, the Nixon administration spared no effort in expanding and escalating the war; for the success of the Paris peace talks, the Nixon administration made plans for a nuclear strike on Hanoi and carried out secret nuclear warnings. None of these tactics of using force or threatening by force was able to do so. The strategy of isolating Hanoi worked. The Paris peace talks finally succeeded. The United States withdrew all its troops from Vietnam, ending a 12-year war in history.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.54;D871.2
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