柏林城市轨道交通发展研究（1897-1929）
发布时间：2018-08-17 08:32
【摘要】： 从1897年西门子哈尔斯克与德意志银行共同斥资建立高铁公司,正式开启柏林地区的城市轨道建设与运营；到1929年柏林交通股份公司(BVG)成立,柏林的城市轨道交通与其它两大交通系统(有轨电车、公共汽车)一同构成面向大众的通达城市公共交通体系,尽管期间经历了一战的停顿及战后的再起步,这一时期(1897-1929)依然是柏林城市轨道交通首轮,同时也是柏林城市交通历史上最为蓬勃的大发展时期,期间城市轨道交通线网的增加与扩展甚至奠定了今日柏林城市轨道网络的半壁江山。 更为重要的是,这一时期的柏林城市轨道交通经历了从帝国时代的私人经济产物起步,到私人与地方资本并存,并在魏玛共和国时期为柏林市政当局所有从而奠定“公共产品”属性的彻底转型之路。由于新兴的城市轨道交通对工业化城市城市空间结构的巨大冲击,及相互间的紧密互动作用,因此无可避免地会与地方政府(亦即城市)政策导向发生密切的关联。因此,轨道交通的这一公共转向并非单纯地从“精英”走向“大众”,而是从地方政治层面真切地反映出从19世纪晚期至20世纪20年代德国所开始经历从康德、费希特及洪堡理想中的自由主义的开放社会向社会民主主义的“福利社会”转变的过程。 本文尝试梳理出柏林城市轨道交通在19世纪末20世纪初的发展脉络,并在此基础上分别论述帝国与共和国两个不同时代中私人交通企业与地方政府在轨道交通领域不同作为,借以一窥德国城市社会的重大变革。
[Abstract]:From 1897, when Siemens Halsk and Deutsche Bank jointly invested in the establishment of high-speed railway company to officially open the construction and operation of urban track in Berlin area, until 1929, the Berlin Communications Stock Company (BVG) was established. Berlin's urban rail transit, along with the other two major transport systems (trams, buses), constitutes a mass transit system for the public, despite the pause in the first World War and the re-emergence of the post-war period. This period (1897-1929) is still the first round of urban rail transit in Berlin, and it is also the most vigorous period of great development in the history of Berlin urban transportation. During this period, the increase and expansion of urban rail transit network even laid a half of Berlin urban rail network. More importantly, this period of Berlin urban rail transit experienced from the beginning of the imperial era of private economic products to the coexistence of private and local capital. And in the Weimar Republic period for the Berlin municipal authorities to establish the "public goods" attributes of a thorough transformation. Due to the huge impact of the new urban rail transit on the spatial structure of the industrialized city and the close interaction between them, it is inevitable that there is a close relationship between the new urban rail transit and the policy direction of the local government (that is, the city). Therefore, the public turn of rail transit is not simply from the "elite" to "the masses", but from the local political level reflects the German experience from the late 19th century to the 1920s from Kant. Fichte and Humboldt's ideal transition from liberal open society to social democratic welfare society. This paper attempts to sort out the development of Berlin urban rail transit in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and on this basis respectively discusses the private transport enterprises and local governments in the field of rail transit in the two different times of the Empire and the Republic. A glimpse of the great changes in German urban society.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K516
[Abstract]:From 1897, when Siemens Halsk and Deutsche Bank jointly invested in the establishment of high-speed railway company to officially open the construction and operation of urban track in Berlin area, until 1929, the Berlin Communications Stock Company (BVG) was established. Berlin's urban rail transit, along with the other two major transport systems (trams, buses), constitutes a mass transit system for the public, despite the pause in the first World War and the re-emergence of the post-war period. This period (1897-1929) is still the first round of urban rail transit in Berlin, and it is also the most vigorous period of great development in the history of Berlin urban transportation. During this period, the increase and expansion of urban rail transit network even laid a half of Berlin urban rail network. More importantly, this period of Berlin urban rail transit experienced from the beginning of the imperial era of private economic products to the coexistence of private and local capital. And in the Weimar Republic period for the Berlin municipal authorities to establish the "public goods" attributes of a thorough transformation. Due to the huge impact of the new urban rail transit on the spatial structure of the industrialized city and the close interaction between them, it is inevitable that there is a close relationship between the new urban rail transit and the policy direction of the local government (that is, the city). Therefore, the public turn of rail transit is not simply from the "elite" to "the masses", but from the local political level reflects the German experience from the late 19th century to the 1920s from Kant. Fichte and Humboldt's ideal transition from liberal open society to social democratic welfare society. This paper attempts to sort out the development of Berlin urban rail transit in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and on this basis respectively discusses the private transport enterprises and local governments in the field of rail transit in the two different times of the Empire and the Republic. A glimpse of the great changes in German urban society.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K516
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