摩洛哥历史研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 10:27

【摘要】：摩洛哥自独立以来一直是保持高度稳定、具有多元文化的北非小国，却在2011年2月因突尼斯、埃及、利比亚等阿拉伯国家接二连三的“革命浪潮”，而史无前例地出现社会动荡和抗议浪潮，矛头直指王室及其高度集中的权力，聚焦于宪政改革。因此，为了借鉴摩洛哥的历史经验、学习摩洛哥的多元文化政策、夯实中摩传统友谊的根基、加强中摩两国的政治关系与经贸往来，论文依据历史研究的多元化趋向和纵深化发展，采用历史学和政治学交叉融合的研究方式，在认真梳理、细致分析国内从新中国成立至今关于摩洛哥历史研究得失的基础上，全面梳理了摩洛哥历史从古至今的发展历程，评述了其中的重要事件及其对摩洛哥历史发展进程的影响，并借助国内外相关史料尝试性地对摩洛哥古代史和当代史进行补充和完善。此外，论文还将结合历史资料分析摩洛哥历史上的重要改革，以期吸取其中的经验和教训；并紧密结合中东变局中的共和制国家与君主制国家的不同命运，分析摩洛哥君主立宪制改革的重要性与必要性。论文共分成绪论和五个章节：第一章主要研究摩洛哥的古代简史，其中包括史前史（公元前17世纪前）、青铜时代（公元前17世纪至公元前9世纪）、腓尼基人统治时期（公元前9世纪至前4世纪）、柏柏尔王国时期（公元前4世纪至公元42年）、罗马人统治时期（公元42年至公元533年）和汪达尔人统治时期（公元429～646年），并在此基础对柏柏尔人的历史和文化进行简要分析。第二章主要研究摩洛哥的中世纪简史（8世纪至18世纪），其中包括阿拉伯人征服摩洛哥时期（683～788年）、摩洛哥各王朝时期（788～1659年），即伊德里斯王朝（788～1055年）、穆拉比特王朝（1061～1147年）、穆瓦希德王朝（1130～1269年）、马林王朝（1213～1554年）、萨阿德王朝（1520～1660年）和阿拉维王朝（1660～1830年）。第三章主要研究摩洛哥近代简史（19世纪至第一次世界大战），其中包括西方列强争夺摩洛哥时期（1830～1912年），即西方列强对摩洛哥的入侵（19世纪）、摩洛哥统治者进行的改革和西方列强对摩洛哥的进一步争夺，摩洛哥沦为法属“保护国”（1912年），包括《非斯条约》与《马德里和约》、法国对摩洛哥的统治、摩洛哥人民反对法国的“保护”制度，接着，分析十九世纪下半叶的摩洛哥改革及其主要举措、失败的内因与外因。第四章主要研究摩洛哥现代简史（第一次世界大战后至独立），其中包括里夫共和国（1921～1927年）（建国前后、最后的抗争）、民族解放运动的新阶段（民族主义运动和民族主义政党、第二次世界大战期间的民族主义运动）、二战后的民族解放运动与摩洛哥的独立（争取民族独立的战斗、民族解放的新高潮和民族国家独立）第五章主要研究摩洛哥当代简史（独立以来的摩洛哥），其中包括穆罕默德五世国王时期（1957～1961年）、哈桑二世国王时期（1961年2月～1999年7月），即20世纪60年代——全面建设时期、20世纪70年代——巩固王权和稳定政局时期、20世纪80年代——全面调整与整顿时期和20世纪90年代——以政治民主化达到社会的安定，以及穆罕默德六世国王时期（1999年7月23日至今）的主要成就，并对西撒哈拉问题的由来及其发展前景进行分析。第六章在简要介绍阿拉伯剧变中的摩洛哥社会状况的基础上，，简要分析摩洛哥的君主立宪制改革及其政权的合法性。
[Abstract]:Morocco, a small, multicultural North African country that has maintained a high degree of stability since its independence, had an unprecedented wave of social unrest and protest in February 2011 as a result of successive "revolutionary tides" in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, targeting the royal family and its highly centralized power, focusing on constitutionalism. Therefore, in order to learn from Morocco's historical experience, study Morocco's multi-cultural policy, consolidate the foundation of the traditional friendship between China and Morocco, and strengthen the political relations and economic and trade exchanges between China and Morocco, this paper, based on the diversified trend and deepening development of historical research, adopts the research method of cross-integration of history and politics and combs it carefully. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the gains and losses in the study of Morocco's history from the founding of New China to the present, this paper makes a comprehensive review of the development of Morocco's history from ancient times to the present, comments on the important events and their influence on the development of Morocco's history, and tries to make a tentative study of Morocco's ancient and contemporary history with the help of relevant historical materials at home and abroad. In addition, the paper will analyze the important reforms in Morocco's history with historical data in order to draw lessons from them, and analyze the importance and necessity of Morocco's constitutional monarchy reform closely in the light of the different fates of Republican and monarchical states in the Middle East.
The thesis is divided into five chapters: introduction and introduction.
The first chapter mainly studies the brief history of Morocco, including prehistory (before 17th century BC), Bronze Age (from 17th century BC to 9th century BC), Phoenician period (from 9th century BC to 4th century BC), Berber period (from 4th century BC to 42nd AD), Roman period (from 42nd AD to 533 AD). (4) and the Vandals (429-646 A.D.), and on this basis a brief analysis of the history and culture of the Berbers.
The second chapter mainly studies the brief history of Morocco in the Middle Ages (8th to 18th centuries), including the Arabs'conquest of Morocco (683-788), the Moroccan dynasties (788-1659), namely, the Idris (788-1055), the Mullabit (1061-1147), the Muvahid (1130-1269), the Malin (1213-155). 4 years), the Saad Dynasty (1520~1660 years) and the Al Wei Dynasty (1660~1830 years).
The third chapter mainly studies the modern history of Morocco (19th century to the First World War), including the period when the Western powers contended for Morocco (1830-1912), namely, the invasion of Morocco by the Western powers (19th century), the reform of the Moroccan rulers and the further struggle of the Western powers against Morocco, Morocco became a French "protectorate". (1912), including the Treaty of Fisch and the Madrid Peace Treaty, the French rule over Morocco, and the Moroccan people's opposition to the French "protection" system. Then, the paper analyzes the Moroccan reform in the second half of the nineteenth century and its main measures, the internal and external causes of failure.
Chapter Four mainly studies the modern history of Morocco (from post-World War I to independence), including the Republic of Rif (1921-1927) (the final struggle before and after the founding of the People's Republic), the new stage of the national liberation movement (nationalist movement and nationalist party, nationalist movement during the Second World War), and the national liberation after World War II. The Movement and Morocco's Independence (Fighting for National Independence, New Climax of National Liberation and National Independence)
The fifth chapter mainly studies the contemporary history of Morocco (Morocco since independence), including the period of King Mohammed V (1957-1961), King Hassan II (February 1961-July 1999), that is, the 1960s-the period of comprehensive construction, the 1970s-the period of consolidating monarchy and stabilizing political situation, the 1980s-the 20th century. - the period of comprehensive adjustment and rectification and the 1990s-political democratization to achieve social stability, as well as the main achievements of the period of King Mohammed VI (July 23, 1999 to date), and the origin of the Western Sahara problem and its development prospects are analyzed.
Chapter 6 briefly introduces the social situation of Morocco in the Arab upheaval, and briefly analyzes the constitutional monarchy reform and the legitimacy of the regime in Morocco.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K416.0

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