美国内战中的军事体系研究
发布时间：2018-08-17 13:37
【摘要】： 美国内战是工业革命之后的第一次大规模战争。在美国军事史和世界军事史上都具有重要地位。本文主要从军事体系的角度来研究美国内战。军事体系包括军事思想和军事制度两个方面。两者具有相互作用的关系,同时,军事体系的构建也受到政治、经济、科技等外部因素的影响。 本文的第一章回顾了美国内战前的美国军事体系演变。殖民地时代是美国军事体系的萌芽阶段,民兵制是主要特点。独立战争时期,正规军和民兵并行的军事体系使美国赢得了战争。建国之后,华盛顿、汉密尔顿都对美国的军事建设提出了建议。1787年的美国宪法确立了重要的军事原则:中央集权、文官治军和三权分立。内战前,正是美国军队正规化建设时期,现代的军事思想初步形成,军队的职业化建设也进入了一个新的时期。总的看来,美国军事体系的演变特点是逐步规范化和现代化。 本文的第二章介绍了美国内战中北方的军事体系。北方的战略思想经历了几次变化,战争开始,北方采取了有限目标的战争战略,因而没有发挥出军事体系的优势,北方在战争初期遭遇了失败。战争后期,以格兰特为代表的总体战战略帮助北方最终赢得了战争。北方的人力动员是以征召志愿兵为主要手段的,战争中,也采用了义务兵役制。人力动员为北方提供了大量兵员,使北方建立起了强大的军事力量。北方强大的经济实力则保证了这些军队的武器和后勤供应。尽管初期的军事后勤存在着不足,但是通过改革,北方建立了良好的后勤供应体制,并圆满完成了任务。为了筹集战争经费,北方主要采取了提高税收、发行战争公债和政府发行货币的措施。 本文第三章介绍了南方的军事体系。南方的经济基础薄弱,但是战争准备比较充分。南方军事思想中,战争主要目的是维持自己的独立,迫使北方承认这个现实,以此保全南部存在的经济根基——奴隶制。所以南方一开始采取了积极防御战略。随着战争的升级,南方薄弱的经济和人口资源不能维持战争,南方又采取了进攻战略以求速决。南方率先进行了强制征兵,因为征召困难,征召的范围逐步扩大,措施的力度也不断增加。南部邦联工业基础薄弱,尽管做了很多的努力,南方的后勤保障体系最终被战争拖垮。为了筹集战争经费,南部增加税收的同时,大量增发国债和债券。最终导致了经济体系的崩溃。南部邦联的一个很重要的战略思路就是谋求欧洲列强的干涉,但是,随着南部战争外交在欧洲的失败,这个思路也化为泡影。第四章介绍了双方军事体系的交锋以及在交锋中表现出的优势与不足。战争的第一阶段,北方在东线战场上不断失利。从军事体系的角度看,这一阶段,北方在军事思想、指挥系统、军队战斗力、人力动员,军事后勤等方面都弱于南方。内战中,北方进行了军事改革,用革命的方式进行战争,修正了军事体系中不合理的因素,北方开始在战场上获得胜利,最终扭转了战局,取得了胜利。本文指出,在南北方的战争进入总体战模式之后,军事动员和军事后勤的作用就超过了其他军事因素。而北方具有雄厚的经济基础作为保证,这也是北方最终取得胜利的原因。 本文第五章论述美国内战在战争史上的地位,分析了美国内战中战争形式的变化,由此突出了美国内战中军事体系的重要性。本章分析了内战中军事思想的变化,同时对美国内战中军事体系对经济、社会生活和内战后军事建设的影响做了分析。结语中,对总体战战略做了简单的思考。 本文的主要创新在于,确定了军事体系的概念,并用军事体系这个整体分析视角去研究战争的胜负原因。避免了武装力量决定论、道义致胜和经济实力决定论的片面。同时,指出在有限战争和总体战争中军事体系的各个因素所发挥的作用是不一的。另外,本文对内战中军事体系的重要因素——战略思想做了源流的梳理,并做了新的评价。同时,对美国内战中的军事体系做了较为全面的展示。
[Abstract]:The American Civil War is the first large-scale war after the Industrial Revolution. It has an important position in both the American military history and the world military history. Construction is also influenced by external factors such as politics, economy, science and technology.
The first chapter reviews the evolution of the American military system before the Civil War. The colonial era was the embryonic stage of the American military system, and the militia system was the main characteristic. The United States Constitution of 1787 established important military principles: centralization of power, civilian rule of the army and separation of powers. Before the Civil War, it was during the period of the formal construction of the United States army that modern military ideas took shape and military professionalization entered a new period. Standardization and modernization.
The second chapter introduces the military system of the North in the American Civil War.The strategic thinking of the North has undergone several changes.At the beginning of the war,the North has adopted a war strategy with limited objectives,so it has not exerted its superiority of the military system.The North has met with defeat in the early stage of the war.At the end of the war,the general strategic Gang represented by Grant has been involved in the war. Manpower mobilization provided the North with a large number of soldiers, thus establishing a strong military force. The North's strong economic strength guaranteed the supply of weapons and logistics for these armies. In order to raise funds for the war, the northern government mainly adopted measures of raising taxes, issuing war bonds and issuing currency.
In the southern military thought, the main purpose of the war was to maintain its independence and force the north to acknowledge this reality, so as to preserve the economic foundation of the south-slavery. With the escalation of the war, the weak economic and population resources of the South were unable to sustain the war, and the South adopted an offensive strategy for quick decision. The Southern logistics system was eventually dragged down by the war. In order to raise the money for the war, the southern government increased taxes and issued a large number of bonds and bonds, which eventually led to the collapse of the economic system. Chapter Four introduces the confrontation of the military systems of the two sides and their advantages and disadvantages in the confrontation. In the first stage of the war, the North has been losing ground in the eastern battlefield. In the Civil War, the North carried out military reforms, carried out wars in a revolutionary way, corrected the irrational factors in the military system, and began to win in the battlefield, eventually reversed the situation and won a victory. The North has a strong economic base as a guarantee, which is why it finally won.
The fifth chapter discusses the position of the American Civil War in the history of war, analyzes the changes of the forms of war in the American Civil War, and highlights the importance of the military system in the American Civil War. In the conclusion, we made a simple thought on the overall strategy.
The main innovation of this paper is that it defines the concept of military system and studies the causes of victory and defeat of war from the perspective of military system as a whole. In addition, this paper combs the origin of the important factor of the military system in the Civil War, the strategic thought, and makes a new evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：E712.9;K712
本文编号：2187805
[Abstract]:The American Civil War is the first large-scale war after the Industrial Revolution. It has an important position in both the American military history and the world military history. Construction is also influenced by external factors such as politics, economy, science and technology.
The first chapter reviews the evolution of the American military system before the Civil War. The colonial era was the embryonic stage of the American military system, and the militia system was the main characteristic. The United States Constitution of 1787 established important military principles: centralization of power, civilian rule of the army and separation of powers. Before the Civil War, it was during the period of the formal construction of the United States army that modern military ideas took shape and military professionalization entered a new period. Standardization and modernization.
The second chapter introduces the military system of the North in the American Civil War.The strategic thinking of the North has undergone several changes.At the beginning of the war,the North has adopted a war strategy with limited objectives,so it has not exerted its superiority of the military system.The North has met with defeat in the early stage of the war.At the end of the war,the general strategic Gang represented by Grant has been involved in the war. Manpower mobilization provided the North with a large number of soldiers, thus establishing a strong military force. The North's strong economic strength guaranteed the supply of weapons and logistics for these armies. In order to raise funds for the war, the northern government mainly adopted measures of raising taxes, issuing war bonds and issuing currency.
In the southern military thought, the main purpose of the war was to maintain its independence and force the north to acknowledge this reality, so as to preserve the economic foundation of the south-slavery. With the escalation of the war, the weak economic and population resources of the South were unable to sustain the war, and the South adopted an offensive strategy for quick decision. The Southern logistics system was eventually dragged down by the war. In order to raise the money for the war, the southern government increased taxes and issued a large number of bonds and bonds, which eventually led to the collapse of the economic system. Chapter Four introduces the confrontation of the military systems of the two sides and their advantages and disadvantages in the confrontation. In the first stage of the war, the North has been losing ground in the eastern battlefield. In the Civil War, the North carried out military reforms, carried out wars in a revolutionary way, corrected the irrational factors in the military system, and began to win in the battlefield, eventually reversed the situation and won a victory. The North has a strong economic base as a guarantee, which is why it finally won.
The fifth chapter discusses the position of the American Civil War in the history of war, analyzes the changes of the forms of war in the American Civil War, and highlights the importance of the military system in the American Civil War. In the conclusion, we made a simple thought on the overall strategy.
The main innovation of this paper is that it defines the concept of military system and studies the causes of victory and defeat of war from the perspective of military system as a whole. In addition, this paper combs the origin of the important factor of the military system in the Civil War, the strategic thought, and makes a new evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：E712.9;K712
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前9条
1 邓峰;;筹措战争经费的成功运作——美国内战时期联邦政府财税政策研究[J];北方论丛;2007年01期
2 王金虎;;美国内战末期南部邦联的武装奴隶抉择[J];世界历史;2007年06期
3 王淑霞;美国内战时期联邦政府战争动员的特点[J];广西社会科学;2005年10期
4 关勋夏;科学的分析评判,伟大的决胜战略——读马克思恩格斯《美国内战》[J];军事历史研究;2004年02期
5 苏晓辉;美国内战中军人道德心理简析[J];军事历史研究;2005年02期
6 陈海宏;马克思论美国内战[J];军事历史;1997年01期
7 陈海宏;杜晓德;;“三光政策”的发明者——威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼[J];山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2006年05期
8 王金虎;;美国内战时期南部邦联政府的财政政策[J];史学月刊;2007年08期
9 麦考内尔,徐庆国 ,王珏伟;南北战争及历史回忆——历史编纂学的回顾[J];现代外国哲学社会科学文摘;1995年11期
，本文编号：2187805
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2187805.html
最近更新
教材专著
