13-17世纪英国大学社会捐赠浅析
发布时间：2018-08-17 16:38
【摘要】：大学社会捐赠是西方大学重要的筹资渠道之一,英国中世纪大学的兴起与大学社会捐赠密不可分。本文讨论的大学社会捐赠是指,13至17世纪上半叶,教会、修道院、国王、贵族和其他社会各阶层在内的捐赠者,出于各自的原因将属于自己的财物赠与英国大学的行为。本文考察了13至17世纪英国大学社会捐赠的基本情况,将这一时期的捐赠行为分为两个阶段:第一,13世纪至15世纪上半叶是大学社会捐赠的兴起阶段。这一时期,捐赠者的主体是以罗马教皇为首的教会,圣俸是其主要捐赠形式。与此同时,零星地出现了以王室和世俗贵族为主的世俗社会捐赠,但世俗捐赠的影响不能与教会匹敌。中世纪没有获得资助的贫困学者,通过其他途径勉强在大学中生存。第二,15世纪中叶至17世纪上半叶是大学社会捐赠的发展阶段。这一时期,由于圣俸数量的减少,教会捐赠逐渐没落。与此同时,大学经费来源逐渐多元化,世俗社会的捐赠日益兴盛起来,大学社会捐赠的主体从教会向世俗阶层转向,但是世俗捐赠并不能替代教会捐赠曾经扮演的角色。随着大学社会捐赠的发展,各种教育慈善机构陆续成立,为了管理教育慈善机构和发展高等教育事业,有关慈善的法律、法规开始出现并逐步完善,英国大学社会捐赠逐步制度化。在大学社会捐赠的发展阶段,大学的教学设施得到了改善,大学的教学语言和教学课程也发生了变化,大学人口迅速增长,除了赤贫阶层外,其他社会阶层接受大学教育的机会增加,这一时期的英国大学呈现出前所未有的发展之势。随着世俗捐赠的增加,大学教育资源越来越向贵族倾斜。
[Abstract]:University social donation is one of the important financing channels for western universities. The rise of medieval universities in England is closely related to university social donation. The university social donation discussed in this paper refers to the behavior of donors, including churches, monasteries, kings, aristocrats and other social classes, in the first half of the 13th to 17th century, giving their own belongings to British universities for their own reasons. This paper examines the basic situation of social donation in British universities from the 13th to 17th century and divides the donation behavior into two stages: the first period from the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century is the rising stage of university social donation. During this period, the main donor was the church headed by the Pope, and the pension was its main form of donation. At the same time, the monarchy and the secular aristocracy dominated by secular social donations, but the impact of secular donations can not match the church. Poor scholars who did not receive aid in the Middle Ages managed to survive in universities by other means. From the middle of the 15 th century to the first half of the 17 th century, it was the development stage of university social donation. During this period, church donations declined as a result of the decline in the number of pensions. At the same time, the sources of university funds gradually diversified, and the donation of secular society became more and more prosperous. The main body of university social donation changed from the church to the secular class, but the secular donation could not replace the role played by the church donation. With the development of university social donation, various educational charities have been established one after another. In order to manage educational charities and develop higher education, laws and regulations on charity have begun to appear and gradually improved. Social donation from British universities is gradually institutionalized. During the development phase of university social donation, the teaching facilities of the university were improved, the teaching language and teaching curriculum of the university were changed, and the population of the university grew rapidly, except for the destitute class. The opportunities for other social classes to receive university education increased, and British universities showed an unprecedented trend of development during this period. With the increase of earthly donations, the resources of university education are more and more inclined to aristocrats.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561
本文编号：2188254
[Abstract]:University social donation is one of the important financing channels for western universities. The rise of medieval universities in England is closely related to university social donation. The university social donation discussed in this paper refers to the behavior of donors, including churches, monasteries, kings, aristocrats and other social classes, in the first half of the 13th to 17th century, giving their own belongings to British universities for their own reasons. This paper examines the basic situation of social donation in British universities from the 13th to 17th century and divides the donation behavior into two stages: the first period from the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century is the rising stage of university social donation. During this period, the main donor was the church headed by the Pope, and the pension was its main form of donation. At the same time, the monarchy and the secular aristocracy dominated by secular social donations, but the impact of secular donations can not match the church. Poor scholars who did not receive aid in the Middle Ages managed to survive in universities by other means. From the middle of the 15 th century to the first half of the 17 th century, it was the development stage of university social donation. During this period, church donations declined as a result of the decline in the number of pensions. At the same time, the sources of university funds gradually diversified, and the donation of secular society became more and more prosperous. The main body of university social donation changed from the church to the secular class, but the secular donation could not replace the role played by the church donation. With the development of university social donation, various educational charities have been established one after another. In order to manage educational charities and develop higher education, laws and regulations on charity have begun to appear and gradually improved. Social donation from British universities is gradually institutionalized. During the development phase of university social donation, the teaching facilities of the university were improved, the teaching language and teaching curriculum of the university were changed, and the population of the university grew rapidly, except for the destitute class. The opportunities for other social classes to receive university education increased, and British universities showed an unprecedented trend of development during this period. With the increase of earthly donations, the resources of university education are more and more inclined to aristocrats.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王建妮;;亨利八世宗教改革对英国大学地位的影响[J];北方论丛;2007年03期
，本文编号：2188254
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