赖肖尔与井上清的近代日本观之比较

发布时间：2018-08-18 10:31

【摘要】：赖肖尔(Edwin O.Reischauer)生于1910年的日本,是美国著名的历史学家、外交家,是美国著名的“日本通”,曾担任美国驻日大使。赖肖尔对日本社会有着很深的观察和研究,并形成了自己的理论观点----日本现代化论。该理论以战后美日同盟为背景,主张肯定日本的近代,认为日本在近代通过明治维新改革,在东方率先实现了现代化和民族独立。井上清(Inoue Kiyoshi)生于1913年,是日本著名的马克思主义历史学家,曾担任京都大学日本历史研究室主任。井上清的近代日本观以战后日本学界对战争的反思为背景,主张对日本近代的侵略战争和帝国主义进行彻底反省,军国主义在日本的滋生土壤必须得到肃清,天皇应当承担战争的责任,主张以批判的视角去审视日本的近代历史。由于二人不同的成长经历和身份,秉承着不同的历史观,在不同的时代背景下,二人对日本近代历史的认识存在着很大的不同。赖肖尔肯定日本的近代,而井上清则对此持批判态度。以往的研究多侧重于赖肖尔作为美国驻日大使的政治生涯和井上清作为日本左翼马克思主义学者对日本军国主义和钓鱼岛归属问题的研究。二人虽然同作为日本研究的著名学者,又出生于同一年代,但学界之前没有将二人不同的近代日本观进行过比较。本文将对二人对天皇制、明治维新、侵华战争、整体近代日本观的观点进行比较。通过对比将会为我们的日本研究提供更多的视角,帮助我们全面、多角度地去看待这段日本历史上的特殊时期,促进日本研究的向前推进。第一章分为两个部分。第一部分首先介绍了赖肖尔日本和美国的双重教育背景和赖肖尔回到美国哈佛大学任教后参与美国外交活动的经历,其次介绍了赖肖尔的著作情况。第二部分首先介绍了井上清在京都大学的学术生涯及其与中国的友好往来,其次介绍了井上清的著作情况。第二章中本文运用了中文、英文、日文资料,将二人对天皇制、明治维新、侵华战争、整体近代日本观的观点进行分析和对比,阐述二人观点的不同之处。第三章分析二人不同的近代日本观的形成原因,并对二人不同的近代日本观做出评价。结语部分总结了二人不同的近代日本观,指出了本文的研究意义,即为我们多层次、多角度地分析日本近代这一日本历史上的特殊时期提供不同的研究视角,帮助我们全面分析日本的近代历史。
[Abstract]:Reischauer (Edwin O.Reischauer), born in 1910 in Japan, is a famous American historian, diplomat and famous American "Japan Tong", who served as American ambassador to Japan. Reischauer observed and studied Japanese society deeply and formed his own theory of Japanese modernization. The theory is based on the postwar alliance between the United States and Japan, which advocates the affirmation of Japan's modern times, and holds that Japan, through the Meiji Restoration Reform in modern times, took the lead in realizing modernization and national independence in the East. Born in 1913, Inoue Kiyoshi (Inoue Kiyoshi) is Japan's leading Marxist historian and former director of the Japanese History Research Department at Kyoto University. Inoue Kiyoshi's modern view of Japan is based on the reflection of the Japanese academic circles on the war after the war, and advocates a thorough introspection of the aggressive war and imperialism in modern Japan, and the breeding ground of militarism in Japan must be eliminated. The emperor should bear the responsibility of war and advocate a critical view of Japan's modern history. Due to their different growth experiences and identities, they hold different views on history. Under different historical background, they have very different understanding of Japanese modern history. Reischauer affirmed Japan's modern times, and Inoue Kiyoshi was critical of it. Previous studies have focused on Reischauer's political career as American ambassador to Japan and Inoue Kiyoshi's research on Japanese militarism and the ownership of Diaoyu Islands as Japanese left-wing Marxist scholars. Although they were both famous scholars in Japanese studies and were born in the same time, they had not been compared with their different views of modern Japan before. This paper compares the views of the two against the imperial system, the Meiji Restoration, the War of aggression against China and the overall view of modern Japan. The comparison will provide more perspective for our Japanese study, help us to look at this special period in Japanese history comprehensively and from many angles, and promote the advancement of Japanese research. The first chapter is divided into two parts. The first part introduces the dual educational background of Reischauer in Japan and the United States, and the experience of Reischauer's participation in American diplomatic activities after he returned to Harvard University to teach in the United States, and then introduces the works of Reischauer. The second part introduces Inoue Kiyoshi's academic career in Kyoto University and his friendship with China, and then introduces Inoue Kiyoshi's works. In the second chapter, using Chinese, English and Japanese materials, the author analyzes and compares the views of the two people on the imperial system, the Meiji Restoration, the War of invasion of China and the whole modern Japanese view, and expounds the differences between the two people's views. The third chapter analyzes the formation reasons of their different views on modern Japan, and makes an evaluation of their different views of modern Japan. The conclusion summarizes the two people's different views on modern Japan and points out the significance of this paper, that is, to provide different perspectives for us to analyze this special period in modern Japanese history. To help us analyze Japan's modern history in a comprehensive way.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K313.4

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