从《公案簿》看18-19世纪印尼巴达维亚华人社会

发布时间：2018-08-23 08:24

【摘要】：《公案簿》是吧城华人公堂审理吧城华人民事案件的司法档案。起自1787年，终于1940年，涉及有关吧城华人社会生活的各个方面，为研究吧城华人社会提供了第一手的资料。通过对《公案簿》和其他相关资料的分析，基本上可以部分还原18世纪末期到19中期吧城华人社会的情况。 1619年荷兰攻占吧城，在华人中推行甲必丹制度，苏鸣岗是首任甲必丹。1742年，吧城公堂成立。吧城公堂处理民事纠纷案件方式基本上沿袭了中国国内封建衙门的做法。吧城的华人包括了中国去的新客、与华人通婚的番人、华人与华人、华人与番人通婚后产生的土生华人。吧城华人以闽南人居多，其婚姻习俗也大都继承了闽南风俗。与此同时，也受到了吧城当地风俗的影响。吧城华人在遗产继承上吸收了荷兰遗产继承的办法，对遗产采取遗嘱继承，只有在死者没有立遗嘱的情况下，才依据中国国内的习惯和《大清律例》继承。吧城华人社会有遗产管理机构美色甘，美色甘既是一个负责遗产税征收的税务机构，同时又是一个慈善机构，其日常的经费主要靠在征收华人的遗产税中提成和华人的捐赠。 18世纪末至19世纪中期华商在整个印尼经济中处于中间人的地位，但此时的吧城经济已经进入了衰退期，连以前最赚钱的包税也出现亏损。女性是吧城华人社会中一个比较特殊的群体。在中国国内，女性的诉讼能力受到限制，吧城华人社会中，女性的诉讼能力要远远大于国内。在吧城华人社会中，女性在遗产继承上，拥有比国内妇女更多的权利，妇女的地位较中国国内高。荷印殖民当局对于华人移民由最初的大力招揽到最后的严格限制，中间经历了一个反反复复的过程，但总体趋势是一直在限制移民，这从另一个方面反映了当时吧城经济的衰退。在吧城公堂与美色甘的关系方面。首先，吧城公堂和美色甘并无隶属关系；其次在很多时候，美色甘会向吧城公堂提供公共开支的贷款。最后，二者都是吧城华人社会公共管理的重要组成部分，，有合作也有纠纷。
[Abstract]:The Public Record is the judicial archives for the Chinese people in Bacheng to hear civil cases in Bacheng. From 1787 to 1940, it covers all aspects of the social life of the Chinese people in Bacheng. It provides first-hand information for the study of the Chinese society in Bacheng. By analyzing the Public Record and other relevant materials, it can basically be partially restored to the 18th century. From the end to the middle of 19, the situation of Chinese society in the city.
In 1619, the Netherlands captured the city of Bacheng and introduced the system of Jia Bi Dan among the Chinese. Su Minggang was the first Jia Bi Dan. In 1742, the Bacheng Court was established. The way of handling civil disputes in the Bacheng Court basically followed the practice of the feudal Yamen in China.
The Chinese in Bacheng include the newcomers to China, the people who intermarry with the Chinese, the Chinese and the Chinese, the native Chinese who intermarry with the Chinese. The majority of the Chinese in Bacheng are from southern Fujian, and most of their marriage customs have inherited the customs of southern Fujian.
The Chinese in Bacheng have absorbed the Dutch method of inheritance and adopted testamentary inheritance. Only when the deceased has not made a will can they inherit according to the customs of China and the Great Qing Law. At the same time, it is also a charity whose daily expenses mainly depend on the collection of Chinese inheritance tax and Chinese donations.
From the end of the 18th century to the mid-19th century, Chinese businessmen were in the middle of the Indonesian economy, but by this time the city economy had entered a recession and even the most profitable tax-paying industries had lost money.
Women are a special group in the Chinese society of Bacheng. In China, women's lawsuit ability is limited. In the Chinese society of Bacheng, women's lawsuit ability is far greater than that in China.
The Dutch and Indian colonial authorities experienced a repeated process from the initial vigorous solicitation of Chinese immigrants to the final strict restrictions, but the overall trend was to restrict immigrants, reflecting another aspect of the economic downturn in the city.
First of all, there is no subordinate relationship between Bacheng Court and Meishengan; secondly, in many cases, Meishengan will provide loans for public expenditure to Bacheng Court.
【学位授予单位】：海南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K342;D634.3

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