独立后赞比亚教育改革问题研究（1964-2010）

发布时间：2018-08-23 14:11

【摘要】：前殖民地时期,赞比亚本土教育提供了前现代社会所必须的知识与技能,通过说教以及社会实践的方式实现了文化的传承。伴随着西方的入侵,教会教育成为了赞比亚最早的近代教育形式,并最终取代了本土教育。教会教育由于其目的是传播西方的文化和价值观,加之殖民政府没有意愿增加在教育领域的投入,故在整个殖民地时期教育仅仅实现了极为有限的扩张。独立后十年,现代化理论成为赞比亚新政府制定教育政策的重要理论基础,赞比亚迅速改变了殖民地时期形成的双重教育体制,在各层级实现了教育的扩充。1973年世界经济危机后,由于铜价急剧下跌,赞比亚陷入了空前的经济困难。在国际社会主义运动的推动下,赞比亚政府接受了依附理论,此后,赞比亚的教育管理体制越来越趋向专制化和集权化。20世纪80年代后,赞比亚接受了世界银行和国际货币基金组织主持的经济结构调整计划,调整措施的出发点旨在控制政府的支出,减少财政赤字,然而教育领域的投入也相应的降低,联合独立党要通过有限的资源维持既定的教育规模显得越来越困难。1991年,齐卢巴领导的多党民主运动取代联合独立党上台执政。此后实行了教育管理体制的分权,承担教育责任的主体日益多元化。赞比亚教育朝着私有化和自由化的方向发展。由于经济增长乏力,人口压力增大以及艾滋病的蔓延等多重因素的影响,赞比亚教育的支撑力量越来越薄弱。教育改革如果不能彻底走出四个悖论,那么教育的真正复兴将遥遥无期。
[Abstract]:During the pre-colonial period, Zambian native education provided the necessary knowledge and skills for the pre-modern society, and achieved cultural transmission through precolonial teaching and social practice. With the invasion of the West, church education became the earliest modern form of education in Zambia and eventually replaced native education. Because the purpose of church education was to spread western culture and values, and the colonial government did not want to increase its investment in the field of education, it only achieved a very limited expansion in the whole colonial period. Ten years after independence, modernization theory became an important theoretical basis for the new Zambian government to formulate educational policies. Zambia quickly changed the dual educational system formed during the colonial period. Education has expanded at all levels. After the world economic crisis of 1973, Zambia suffered unprecedented economic difficulties as copper prices plummeted. Driven by the international socialist movement, the Zambian government accepted the theory of dependency. Since then, Zambia's educational management system has become more and more autocratic and centralized. Zambia has accepted the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund's economic restructuring plan, which aims to control government spending and reduce the fiscal deficit, while spending on education has fallen accordingly. It is becoming increasingly difficult for the United Independence Party to maintain its education with limited resources. In 1991, the multi-party democratic movement led by Mr Chiluba took power instead of the United Independence Party. Since then, the educational management system has been decentralized, and the subjects responsible for education have become increasingly diversified. Education in Zambia is moving towards privatization and liberalization. The support for education in Zambia is becoming weaker as a result of sluggish economic growth, increased population pressure and the spread of HIV / AIDS. If education reform can not completely out of the four paradoxes, then the real revival of education will be in the distant future.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K473.6

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