晚期奥斯曼帝国与欧洲国家关系的演变及其特征

发布时间：2018-08-23 15:03

【摘要】：当奥斯曼帝国的衰弱与欧洲国家的强大形成鲜明对比时,欧洲大国看似掌握着瓜分奥斯曼帝国的主动权,但欧洲国家因利益冲突而不可能一致对付奥斯曼帝国。奥斯曼帝国内忧外患、衰弱不堪,但它依靠一两个强国来抵制其他欧洲强国的侵犯,保持了国家主权的独立:在英国和法国的帮助下抵制俄国,在俄国帮助下压制埃及行省的分裂行动,依靠德国的帮助抗拒其他欧洲强国,客观上延缓了帝国的衰亡。很显然,奥斯曼帝国的外交虽是"病急乱投医",但也有一定主动性,并非完全任人宰割;只是帝国内政中的问题削弱了正常外交活动。奥斯曼帝国对欧关系的演变受当时欧洲国际关系格局变动的严重影响,帝国最终被卷入欧洲大国之间的战争。
[Abstract]:When the decline of the Ottoman Empire contrasted sharply with the strength of the European countries, the European powers seemed to hold the initiative of dividing the Ottoman Empire, but the European countries could not be United against the Ottoman Empire because of conflicts of interest. The Ottoman Empire was frail at home and abroad, but it relied on one or two great powers to resist the encroachment of other European powers and to preserve its independence of national sovereignty: with the help of Britain and France, it resisted Russia. Repressing Egypt's secession with Russian help and relying on German help to resist other European powers objectively delayed the fall of the empire. Obviously, although the Ottoman Empire's diplomacy was "sick and hasty," it also had some initiative and was not completely left to others; it was only that problems in the internal affairs of the empire weakened normal diplomatic activities. The evolution of the Ottoman Empire to Europe was seriously affected by the change of the European international relations at that time, and the empire was eventually involved in the war between the European powers.
【作者单位】：山西大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目(2009年)“晚期奥斯曼帝国史研究”的阶段性研究成果项目批准号为:09BSS008
【分类号】：K374.3;K503

【共引文献】