18世纪中期至19世纪末英国贵族投资煤矿浅析

发布时间：2018-08-30 20:03

【摘要】：18世纪中叶到19世纪中期，英国社会发展的显著特点是贵族地主阶级长期地把持着政治、经济特权，政治上的稳定及优势为经济的繁荣发展奠定了基础。这一时期，英国贵族地主阶级对煤矿的投资与经营，在其经济领域中占据着重要的地位。到19世纪末期，由于社会经济与阶级结构的变化，随着贵族政治特权的落失、贵族大地产制的解体和贵族体制的更新，，英国贵族在煤矿业中的优势也随之丧失。国内外对英国贵族和煤炭工业的研究很多，但鲜有专门对近代英国贵族在煤炭业中所起的作用进行研究。鉴于此，本文试图通过对18世纪中叶到19世纪末，英国贵族投资经营煤矿的情况作概述及简要分析，以期对这一时期英国贵族在采煤业中所起的作用，以及对政治、经济及其它方面所产生的影响作初步的认识。本文第一部分主要介绍了英国贵族寡头体制形成的过程、确立及其原因；贵族大地产制形成的历史背景，以及资产阶级革命后的大地产制同旧的封建土地制度的不同之处；煤炭开采为贵族地主阶级所创造的利润在其经济来源中所占的重要地位，以及煤炭在工业革命中的作用。政治上的特权和经济上的优势为英国贵族地主阶级投资煤矿奠定了基础。第二部分则介绍了这一时期英国贵族所拥有的煤矿的主要分布情况；贵族对煤矿的投资和煤炭的开采概况，及这一时期各个地区具体的煤炭产量；贵族对煤矿的经营状况。在此基础上对英国贵族投资经营煤矿的情况作了简要的阐述。第三部分讨论了英国贵族地主阶级投资经营煤矿在这一时期所产生的诸多影响。分别从政治、经济、科技创新、运输业的发展及煤炭业中所存在的劳工问题这几个方面展开。
[Abstract]:From the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, the prominent characteristic of the social development of England was that the aristocratic landlord class held the political and economic privileges for a long time, and the political stability and superiority laid the foundation for the prosperity and development of the economy. During this period, the investment and management of coal mines by the British aristocratic landlord class occupied an important position in its economic field. By the end of 19th century, because of the change of social economy and class structure, with the loss of aristocratic political privilege, the disintegration of aristocratic property system and the renewal of aristocratic system, the superiority of British aristocrats in coal mining was also lost. There are a lot of studies on British aristocracy and coal industry at home and abroad, but there are few researches on the role of modern British aristocracy in coal industry. In view of this, this paper attempts to summarize and analyze briefly the situation of British aristocrats investing in and managing coal mines from the middle of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century, with a view to the role played by the British aristocrats in the mining industry during this period, as well as to the politics. Economic and other aspects of the impact of the preliminary understanding. The first part of this paper mainly introduces the formation process, the establishment and the reason of the British aristocratic oligarchic system, the historical background of the formation of the aristocratic real estate system, and the differences between the big real estate system after the bourgeois revolution and the old feudal land system. The important position of coal mining in its economic source and the role of coal in the industrial revolution. Political privilege and economic superiority laid the foundation for the British aristocratic landlord class to invest in coal mines. The second part introduces the main distribution of the coal mines owned by the British aristocrats in this period, the investment of the nobility in the coal mines and the general situation of the mining of coal, and the specific coal production of each region in this period, and the management of the coal mines by the nobility. On this basis, the British aristocracy to invest in the operation of coal mines made a brief description. The third part discusses the influence of British aristocratic landlord class investment in coal mine management in this period. From the political, economic, scientific and technological innovation, the development of transport industry and coal industry labor problems.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F416.21;K561.4;F416.1

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