论自然灾害对中东文明发展的影响
发布时间：2018-09-12 08:00
【摘要】： 本文从文明交往的角度，综合运用历史学、灾害学等多学科知识，采取比较研究与专题研究相结合的方法，通过对五千年来中东地区自然灾害史的回顾与梳理，揭示了人类与自然灾害斗争过程中所反映的人与自然、人与人的交往关系，对自然灾害对中东文明发展的正(产生刺激和促进作用)、反(带来破坏)两个方面的影响进行了较为系统地分析和研究，并提出和探讨了若干问题，得出了一些结论： 第一，除了特殊自然地理地质因素外，人与自然、人与人的“交而恶”是自然灾害对中东文明发展造成巨大破坏的根源；只有提高文明交往力水平，实现人与自然、人与人的“交而通”，才能减轻自然灾害的危害，进而化害为利，刺激和促进文明的发展和进步。 其次，自然灾害以其破坏性乃至毁灭性后果，客观上对人类文明构成了一种严峻的挑战，迫使人类文明为逃避被淘汰的厄运而释放出所有的潜能和激情进行应战，从而促进文明发展。自然灾害对文明发展的挑战有一个“度”的问题：如果自然灾害的破坏力大于文明应对自然灾害挑战的能力，则文明被自然灾害扼杀；如果自然灾害的破坏力虽然小于文明应对自然灾害的能力但其严峻程度足以使整个文明社会无法按照原来的方式继续发展下去时，自然灾害的挑战将激发起文明社会的创造力，使得文明发展发生质的飞跃；如果自然灾害的破坏力小于文明的应对自然灾害挑战的能力且不足以使整个文明社会无法按照原来的方式继续发展下去时，则文明虽然战胜自然灾害，但灾害的刺激不足以激发文明的创造力，文明继续沿着原有的轨道发展。 第三，不同类型自然灾害和群发性自然灾害对中东文明发展的影响程度不同。地震和海啸虽然来势凶猛，对局部地区造成的生命和物质损失也很大，但由于其影响范围和时间有限，总的来说对于文明发展的总体影响为中等程度；气候灾害尤其旱灾因其影响时间长、范围广而成为对文明发展影响最大的自然灾害。中东地区的洪水灾害造成的物质损失相对有限，但其对于精神文明特别是宗教却产生深远的影响；瘟疫对文明发展有着巨大而深远的影响，大规模的瘟疫往往造成中东地区文明版图的剧烈的变化，尽管这些变化可能是迟滞的，它沉重地打击了原有的中东强国，为新生力量的兴起奠定了基础；饥荒有时足以引发严重的社会骚乱与震荡，甚至导致政权更迭；真正对中东文明发展产生深刻而长远影响的是环境灾害，这体现出生态文明对其他文明发展的制约作用。群发性自然灾害对文明发展的影响是以几何式增长的，它既有可能使文明发展陷入停滞，也有可能激发文明的活力，使文明发展出现质的飞跃。 第四，只有以史为鉴，，正确认识人与自然的辩证关系，坚持以生态理性对待自然，正确认识和运用自然规律，并在与自然灾害的斗争中以积极主动对待不同文明之间和同一文明之内的交流和合作，才能实现文明交往的自觉，做到人与自然、人与人的“交而通”，减轻自然灾害的危害，进而化害为利，促进人类文明的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of civilized intercourse, this paper comprehensively uses the knowledge of history, calamity and other disciplines, adopts the method of combining comparative study with special subject study, and through reviewing and combing the history of natural disasters in the Middle East over the past five thousand years, reveals the relationship between man and nature, and between man and man in the struggle against natural disasters. This paper systematically analyzes and studies the positive (stimulating and promoting) and negative (destroying) effects of natural disasters on the development of civilization in the Middle East, and puts forward and probes into some problems and draws some conclusions.
Firstly, apart from the special physical, geographical and geological factors, man and nature, and man's "intercourse with evil" are the root causes of great damage to the development of civilization in the Middle East caused by natural disasters; only by improving the level of civilized communication, realizing the "intercourse" between man and nature, and between man and man, can the harm of natural disasters be mitigated, and harms can be turned into benefits, stimulated and promoted. Enter the development and progress of civilization.
Secondly, natural disasters, with their destructive and even destructive consequences, objectively pose a serious challenge to human civilization, forcing human civilization to release all its potential and passion in order to escape the doom of being eliminated, thus promoting the development of civilization. If the destructive power of natural disasters is greater than the ability of civilization to meet the challenges of natural disasters, civilization will be strangled by natural disasters; if the destructive power of natural disasters is less than the ability of civilization to deal with natural disasters, but its severity is enough to make the whole civilized society unable to continue to develop in the original way, the challenge of natural disasters will be. If the destructive power of natural disasters is less than civilization's ability to cope with the challenges of natural disasters and is insufficient to make the whole civilized society unable to continue its development in the original way, then civilization will overcome natural disasters, but the stimulation of disasters is insufficient. With the creativity of civilization, civilization continues to develop along the original track.
Third, different types of natural disasters and mass natural disasters have different impacts on the development of civilization in the Middle East. The flood disaster in the Middle East caused relatively limited material losses, but it had a far-reaching impact on spiritual civilization, especially on religion. The plague had a great and far-reaching impact on the development of civilization and a large-scale plague. In the past, drastic changes in the territory of civilization in the Middle East region, although these changes may be delayed, have severely hit the original Middle East powers and laid the foundation for the rise of new forces; famine is sometimes enough to cause serious social unrest and turbulence, and even lead to regime change; it has really had a profound and profound impact on the development of civilization in the Middle East. The long-term impact is environmental disasters, which reflects the restrictive effect of ecological civilization on the development of other civilizations.
Fourthly, only by taking history as a mirror, correctly understanding the dialectical relationship between man and nature, persisting in treating nature with ecological rationality, correctly understanding and applying the laws of nature, and actively dealing with the exchanges and cooperation between different civilizations and within the same civilization in the struggle against natural disasters, can we realize the consciousness of civilized exchanges between man and nature. The "communication" between man and man can reduce the harm of natural disasters, turn harm into benefit, and promote the sustainable development of human civilization.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K37
本文编号：2238398
[Abstract]:From the point of view of civilized intercourse, this paper comprehensively uses the knowledge of history, calamity and other disciplines, adopts the method of combining comparative study with special subject study, and through reviewing and combing the history of natural disasters in the Middle East over the past five thousand years, reveals the relationship between man and nature, and between man and man in the struggle against natural disasters. This paper systematically analyzes and studies the positive (stimulating and promoting) and negative (destroying) effects of natural disasters on the development of civilization in the Middle East, and puts forward and probes into some problems and draws some conclusions.
Firstly, apart from the special physical, geographical and geological factors, man and nature, and man's "intercourse with evil" are the root causes of great damage to the development of civilization in the Middle East caused by natural disasters; only by improving the level of civilized communication, realizing the "intercourse" between man and nature, and between man and man, can the harm of natural disasters be mitigated, and harms can be turned into benefits, stimulated and promoted. Enter the development and progress of civilization.
Secondly, natural disasters, with their destructive and even destructive consequences, objectively pose a serious challenge to human civilization, forcing human civilization to release all its potential and passion in order to escape the doom of being eliminated, thus promoting the development of civilization. If the destructive power of natural disasters is greater than the ability of civilization to meet the challenges of natural disasters, civilization will be strangled by natural disasters; if the destructive power of natural disasters is less than the ability of civilization to deal with natural disasters, but its severity is enough to make the whole civilized society unable to continue to develop in the original way, the challenge of natural disasters will be. If the destructive power of natural disasters is less than civilization's ability to cope with the challenges of natural disasters and is insufficient to make the whole civilized society unable to continue its development in the original way, then civilization will overcome natural disasters, but the stimulation of disasters is insufficient. With the creativity of civilization, civilization continues to develop along the original track.
Third, different types of natural disasters and mass natural disasters have different impacts on the development of civilization in the Middle East. The flood disaster in the Middle East caused relatively limited material losses, but it had a far-reaching impact on spiritual civilization, especially on religion. The plague had a great and far-reaching impact on the development of civilization and a large-scale plague. In the past, drastic changes in the territory of civilization in the Middle East region, although these changes may be delayed, have severely hit the original Middle East powers and laid the foundation for the rise of new forces; famine is sometimes enough to cause serious social unrest and turbulence, and even lead to regime change; it has really had a profound and profound impact on the development of civilization in the Middle East. The long-term impact is environmental disasters, which reflects the restrictive effect of ecological civilization on the development of other civilizations.
Fourthly, only by taking history as a mirror, correctly understanding the dialectical relationship between man and nature, persisting in treating nature with ecological rationality, correctly understanding and applying the laws of nature, and actively dealing with the exchanges and cooperation between different civilizations and within the same civilization in the struggle against natural disasters, can we realize the consciousness of civilized exchanges between man and nature. The "communication" between man and man can reduce the harm of natural disasters, turn harm into benefit, and promote the sustainable development of human civilization.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K37
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 王晓杰;自然灾害与中东城市发展研究[D];山西师范大学;2012年
2 王晓伟;明清江南地区疫灾地理规律与环境机理研究[D];华中师范大学;2013年
本文编号：2238398
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2238398.html
最近更新
教材专著
