俄国外交文书选译——关于“英中藏”西姆拉会议

发布时间：2018-09-12 16:22

【摘要】：1911年10月,中国爆发了辛亥革命,帝国主义列强利用中国动荡的局势再一次掀起侵华浪潮。沙俄首先借机将中国外蒙古地方分裂出去,并通过逼签《俄蒙协约》和《中俄声明文件》,使外蒙古在名义上获得"自治",而实际上将其变成了沙俄的保护国和殖民地。英国也借机图谋将中国西藏地方分裂出去。为此目的,英国政府一方面胁迫中国政府和西藏地方当局举行西姆拉三方会议,逼签由其炮制的所谓"西姆拉条约"(于1914年4月27日草签),为其分裂西藏制造"条约依据";另一方面,因草签的"西姆拉条约"违背了1907年英俄《西藏协定》,为使"西姆拉条约"得以成立,英国政府向俄国政府提出修订《西藏协定》的要求,意在废除协定中不利于英国的规定。俄国政府经研究后,指出,倘若英国欲修改《西藏协定》,则俄国要求英国承认北满洲、蒙古和中国西部为俄国独占的势力范围,并要求修改《英俄协约》中的阿富汗部分,以保障俄国在阿富汗北部的经济利益。正当英俄两国踌躇满志地商定互换照会、相互承认各自在西藏和阿富汗的某些权益之时,传来中国政府断然、严正拒绝正式签署"西姆拉条约",三方谈判破裂的消息,英俄两国围绕中国西藏的政治交易随之告吹。
[Abstract]:In October 1911, the 1911 Revolution broke out in China, and imperialist powers took advantage of the turbulent situation in China to set off another wave of aggression against China. Czarist Russia first took the opportunity to split China's outer Mongolia, and by forcing the signing of the Treaty between Russia and Mongolia and the Sino-Russian Declaration document, Outer Mongolia gained "autonomy" in name, but in fact turned it into a protectorate and a colony of Czarist Russia. Britain also took the opportunity to plot to separate Tibet from China. To this end, the British Government, on the one hand, coerces the Chinese Government and the local authorities in Tibet to hold a tripartite meeting in Simla, Forcing the signing of the so-called "Treaty of Simla" (initialled on 27 April 1914) to create a "treaty basis" for its division of Tibet; on the other hand, The initialled "Simla Treaty" violated the 1907 Anglo-Russian Agreement on Tibet. In order to establish the "Simla Treaty", the British Government made a request to the Russian Government to amend the Tibet Agreement, with the intention of repealing the provisions of the Agreement which were not conducive to Britain. After study, the Russian government pointed out that if Britain wants to amend the Tibet Agreement, Russia will demand that Britain recognize northern Manchuria, Mongolia and western China as the exclusive Russian sphere of influence, and that the Afghan part of the British-Russian Compact be amended. To protect Russia's economic interests in northern Afghanistan. At a time when Britain and Russia were complacently agreeing to exchange notes and recognize each other's rights and interests in Tibet and Afghanistan, there was news that the Chinese Government had categorically refused to formally sign the "Simla Treaty" and that the tripartite negotiations had broken down. The political deal between Britain and Russia over China's Tibet collapsed.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：K142

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