1945-1975年美泰同盟研究
发布时间：2018-09-12 20:30
【摘要】：二战结束以后,美苏由战时的盟友走向了敌对关系,国际格局进入以美苏对峙为主的两极格局时代,冷战爆发。面对新的国际环境,美国一改以往和平时期不缔结军事同盟的做法,积极推行同盟战略,对苏联及其共产主义势力采取遏制政策。凭借着特殊的地缘政治优势以及灵活的外交手段,泰国成为美国在东南亚地区的“反共堡垒”。1945-1975年这一历史时期对于美泰同盟的形成与发展尤为关键,因此,本文主要从泰国的视角对1945-1975年以来的美泰关系进行分期,即接近时期、形成时期、追随时期、寻求自主时期,以美泰关系发展中的重大历史事件为切入点,并在此基础上分析两国间的互动,展现每一时期美泰关系发展的面貌,从而揭示出美泰关系发展变化的特点。第一部分主要分析了二战后美泰的接近过程。二战后,为何泰国舍弃其他西方大国而唯独选取美国作为其保护国,而美国为何在东南亚众多国家中选择泰国结为同盟。早期美泰交往中,传教士、美国顾问等为泰国的社会发展做出贡献;二战期间,美国并未接受泰国的宣战并支持泰国的“自由泰”运动,这都奠定了美泰友好的历史基础。二战后,一方面,泰国面临着英法等国的清算,需要寻求美国的支持,而美国在二战后泰国恢复主权与独立的过程中给予了其重大的支持与帮助,打下了两国友好的基础;另一方面泰国国内政治动荡,领导人急需通过寻求援助来获取稳定政权的政治资源,而面对不安分的东南亚形势,美国也认识到一个稳定的泰国的重要性,特别是泰国披汶政权对美国军事援助的渴望使泰国进一步走向美国。第二部分主要论述了美泰同盟的形成过程。对美国军事援助的渴望促使披汶的反共态度日益坚定,并在保大政权、朝鲜战争问题上极力展示其反共决心,泰国至此确立一边倒的亲美外交,走向西方阵营。作为回报,美国也随之开始对泰国进行军事和经济援助。随着法国在印支局势的恶化,泰国又积极配合美国的印支行动,美国逐渐认识到泰国在遏制东南亚地区共产主义的重要性,1954年美泰结成正式的盟友关系。第三部分主要阐述了泰国对美国行动的追随。美泰同盟建立后,泰国的军人政府继续维持亲美的外交政策,美泰合作达到顶峰。老挝危机期间泰国对东南亚条约组织表现出失望,为使泰国重获安全信心,美国再一次申明对泰国的安全保证和义务。美国侵越战争期间,泰国全力支持美国,提供军事基地并且派兵出战,成为美国的得力助手。第四部分主要探讨了尼克松主义出台后至“马克亚斯号”事件期间的美泰同盟。随着西欧、日本经济的恢复和发展,以美苏为首的两极格局开始向多极化发展。面对国际局势的变化,美国开始对其全球战略进行调整,尼克松主义的出台标志着美国全球战略的收缩。泰国外交也出现新方向,即独立自主外交,主要表现为与中国于1975年建交,改善与越南、老挝等邻国的关系等。“马亚克斯号”事件中美军利用越战期间形成的与泰国军方的特殊关系,无视泰国政府的立场,未经泰国政府允许使用该基地,使美泰关系陷入低谷。1976年美军完全撤出泰国。泰国开始依靠东南亚国家联盟来寻求安全保障,美泰同盟在安全问题上采取有限合作新形式。最后扼要分析了美泰关系一直以来发展良好的原因以及泰国作为小国外交的成功典范。在美泰交往的这三十年中,泰国始终以国家利益为基准,利用大国之间的博弈使得本国利益最大化,充分体现了小国外交的灵活、务实。美泰关系的变化也伴随着美国全球战略布局的变化而变化,这一时期的美泰同盟也带有强烈的冷战色彩。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from their wartime allies to hostile relations, and the international situation entered an era of bipolar pattern dominated by the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Faced with the new international environment, the United States changed its previous practice of not forming military alliances in peacetime, actively pursued the alliance strategy, and adopted containment politics against the Soviet Union and its Communist forces. With special geopolitical advantages and flexible diplomatic means, Thailand has become the "anti-communist fortress" of the United States in Southeast Asia. The historical period of 1945-1975 is particularly critical to the formation and development of the US-Thai alliance. Therefore, this paper mainly stages the US-Thai relations since 1945-1975 from the perspective of Thailand. In the recent period, the formation period, the following period, the search for autonomy period, with the major historical events in the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand as the breakthrough point, and on this basis to analyze the interaction between the two countries, showing the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand in each period, thus revealing the characteristics of the development and change of the relationship between the United States and Thailand. Why did Thailand choose the United States as its protectorate instead of other Western powers after World War II and why did the United States choose Thailand as an alliance among many countries in Southeast Asia? After World War II, Thailand faced the settlement of Britain, France and other countries, and needed to seek the support of the United States. The United States gave Thailand great support and help in the process of restoring its sovereignty and independence after World War II, which laid the foundation for the friendship between the two countries. In the face of domestic political turmoil in Thailand, leaders urgently need to seek assistance to obtain political resources to stabilize the regime. In the face of the insecure situation in Southeast Asia, the United States also recognizes the importance of a stable Thailand, especially the desire of the Thai regime to provide military assistance to the United States, which leads Thailand to the United States. The desire for U.S. military aid has led to a growing anti-Communist attitude in Penn and a strong demonstration of its anti-Communist determination on the issue of preserving the regime and the Korean War. With the deterioration of France's situation in Indo-China and Thailand's active cooperation with the United States in its Indo-China operations, the United States gradually realized the importance of Thailand in curbing communism in Southeast Asia and formed a formal alliance between the United States and Thailand in 1954. The third part mainly expounds Thailand's follow-up to the United States'action. Thailand's disappointment with the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization during the Laos crisis and its renewed security assurances and obligations to Thailand were affirmed by the United States. During the American invasion of Vietnam, Thailand fully supported the United States, provided military bases and sent troops to war. The fourth part mainly discusses the US-Thai alliance from the Nixon Doctrine to the Max-Yas Incident. With the recovery and development of Western Europe and Japan's economy, the bipolar pattern led by the US and the Soviet Union began to develop towards multi-polarization. In the face of the changes in the international situation, the United States began to adjust its global strategy. The introduction of Nixonism marked the contraction of the U.S. global strategy. In 1976, the U.S. military completely withdrew from Thailand. Thailand began to rely on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to seek security. The U.S. -Thai alliance took a new form of limited cooperation on security issues. Finally, a brief analysis of the development of U.S. -Thai relations has been made. Thai diplomacy has been a successful example of small countries. Throughout the past 30 years, Thailand has always been benchmarking its national interests and making use of the game between big powers to maximize its own interests, which fully reflects the flexibility and pragmatism of small countries'diplomacy. The changes in US-Thai relations have also been accompanied by changes in the global strategic layout of the United States. The MATTEL alliance in this period also had a strong cold war color.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K153
本文编号：2240142
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from their wartime allies to hostile relations, and the international situation entered an era of bipolar pattern dominated by the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Faced with the new international environment, the United States changed its previous practice of not forming military alliances in peacetime, actively pursued the alliance strategy, and adopted containment politics against the Soviet Union and its Communist forces. With special geopolitical advantages and flexible diplomatic means, Thailand has become the "anti-communist fortress" of the United States in Southeast Asia. The historical period of 1945-1975 is particularly critical to the formation and development of the US-Thai alliance. Therefore, this paper mainly stages the US-Thai relations since 1945-1975 from the perspective of Thailand. In the recent period, the formation period, the following period, the search for autonomy period, with the major historical events in the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand as the breakthrough point, and on this basis to analyze the interaction between the two countries, showing the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand in each period, thus revealing the characteristics of the development and change of the relationship between the United States and Thailand. Why did Thailand choose the United States as its protectorate instead of other Western powers after World War II and why did the United States choose Thailand as an alliance among many countries in Southeast Asia? After World War II, Thailand faced the settlement of Britain, France and other countries, and needed to seek the support of the United States. The United States gave Thailand great support and help in the process of restoring its sovereignty and independence after World War II, which laid the foundation for the friendship between the two countries. In the face of domestic political turmoil in Thailand, leaders urgently need to seek assistance to obtain political resources to stabilize the regime. In the face of the insecure situation in Southeast Asia, the United States also recognizes the importance of a stable Thailand, especially the desire of the Thai regime to provide military assistance to the United States, which leads Thailand to the United States. The desire for U.S. military aid has led to a growing anti-Communist attitude in Penn and a strong demonstration of its anti-Communist determination on the issue of preserving the regime and the Korean War. With the deterioration of France's situation in Indo-China and Thailand's active cooperation with the United States in its Indo-China operations, the United States gradually realized the importance of Thailand in curbing communism in Southeast Asia and formed a formal alliance between the United States and Thailand in 1954. The third part mainly expounds Thailand's follow-up to the United States'action. Thailand's disappointment with the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization during the Laos crisis and its renewed security assurances and obligations to Thailand were affirmed by the United States. During the American invasion of Vietnam, Thailand fully supported the United States, provided military bases and sent troops to war. The fourth part mainly discusses the US-Thai alliance from the Nixon Doctrine to the Max-Yas Incident. With the recovery and development of Western Europe and Japan's economy, the bipolar pattern led by the US and the Soviet Union began to develop towards multi-polarization. In the face of the changes in the international situation, the United States began to adjust its global strategy. The introduction of Nixonism marked the contraction of the U.S. global strategy. In 1976, the U.S. military completely withdrew from Thailand. Thailand began to rely on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to seek security. The U.S. -Thai alliance took a new form of limited cooperation on security issues. Finally, a brief analysis of the development of U.S. -Thai relations has been made. Thai diplomacy has been a successful example of small countries. Throughout the past 30 years, Thailand has always been benchmarking its national interests and making use of the game between big powers to maximize its own interests, which fully reflects the flexibility and pragmatism of small countries'diplomacy. The changes in US-Thai relations have also been accompanied by changes in the global strategic layout of the United States. The MATTEL alliance in this period also had a strong cold war color.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K153
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