苏联劳改营史研究（1918-1960年）
发布时间：2018-10-09 07:53
【摘要】：十月革命胜利后,在国内反革命分子叛乱和国外武装干涉的双重压力下,新生的苏维埃政权只能以革命的暴力对抗反革命的暴力,开始对反革命分子以及各种破坏分子实施镇压。为了与传统的监狱有所区别,苏维埃惩戒机关建立了集中营,关押与新政权为敌的人。最初的集中营逐渐发展为强制劳动营,并确定了改造犯人和自负盈亏的双重任务。20年代末30年代初,经过一次重大的改组后,苏联全国以索洛维茨特别强制劳动营为样本建立了很多劳改营,并成立了劳改营管理总局。在以后的年代中,劳改营管理总局成为重要的惩戒机关和苏联惩戒政策的主要执行者,并涉足多种生产领域,形成了劳改营工业综合体。卫国战争时期,劳改营的犯人以自己辛勤的劳动为前线提供大量武器弹药,虽然他们不能拿枪上前线杀敌,但是同样为保卫祖国尽了自己最大的努力。战后,苏联政府不但没有对犯人实施大规模的赦免,反而加强了镇压力度,劳改营犯人的数量不断增加,劳改营体系达到发展的顶峰。然而随着国际国内局势的变化,劳改营逐渐走向衰落,其经济活动也不像以前那样积极,甚至出现了经济上的危机。1953年,斯大林死后,苏联惩戒机关立即开始了一系列改组,劳改营管理总局中的各种经济部门逐渐分离出去,劳改营管理总局的规模不断缩小,国家开始用普通监狱代替劳改营,直到1960年,这个转变最终完成。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the October Revolution, under the dual pressure of the rebellion of the domestic counter-revolutionaries and the armed intervention of foreign countries, the nascent Soviet regime could only confront counter-revolutionary violence with revolutionary violence. The suppression of counter-revolutionaries and all kinds of saboteurs began. To differentiate from traditional prisons, the Soviet penitentiary set up concentration camps for opponents of the new regime. The initial concentration camps gradually developed into compulsory labour camps, and determined the dual task of reforming prisoners and self-financing. After a major reorganization in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Throughout the Soviet Union, the special forced labor camp in Solovitz was used as a sample to set up a lot of labor camps, and the General Administration of Labor camps was established. In the later years, the General Administration of Labor camps became an important disciplinary organ and the main executor of the Soviet Union's disciplinary policy, and set foot in a variety of production fields, forming a labor camp industrial complex. During the Patriotic War, prisoners in labor camps supplied large quantities of weapons and ammunition to the front lines through their hard work. Although they could not take guns to the front lines to kill the enemy, they also did their best to defend the motherland. After the war, the Soviet government not only failed to grant large-scale amnesty to prisoners, but also strengthened its repression. The number of prisoners in labor camps increased, and the development of the camp system reached its peak. However, with the changes in the international and domestic situation, the labor camps gradually declined, and their economic activities were not as active as before, and even economic crises appeared. In 1953, after Stalin's death, the Soviet Union's disciplinary organs immediately began a series of reorganization. The economic departments of the General Administration of Labor camps were gradually separated from each other. The size of the General Administration of Labor camps was shrinking, and the State began to replace the camps with ordinary prisons until 1960, when the transformation was finally completed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K512.5
本文编号：2258561
[Abstract]:After the victory of the October Revolution, under the dual pressure of the rebellion of the domestic counter-revolutionaries and the armed intervention of foreign countries, the nascent Soviet regime could only confront counter-revolutionary violence with revolutionary violence. The suppression of counter-revolutionaries and all kinds of saboteurs began. To differentiate from traditional prisons, the Soviet penitentiary set up concentration camps for opponents of the new regime. The initial concentration camps gradually developed into compulsory labour camps, and determined the dual task of reforming prisoners and self-financing. After a major reorganization in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Throughout the Soviet Union, the special forced labor camp in Solovitz was used as a sample to set up a lot of labor camps, and the General Administration of Labor camps was established. In the later years, the General Administration of Labor camps became an important disciplinary organ and the main executor of the Soviet Union's disciplinary policy, and set foot in a variety of production fields, forming a labor camp industrial complex. During the Patriotic War, prisoners in labor camps supplied large quantities of weapons and ammunition to the front lines through their hard work. Although they could not take guns to the front lines to kill the enemy, they also did their best to defend the motherland. After the war, the Soviet government not only failed to grant large-scale amnesty to prisoners, but also strengthened its repression. The number of prisoners in labor camps increased, and the development of the camp system reached its peak. However, with the changes in the international and domestic situation, the labor camps gradually declined, and their economic activities were not as active as before, and even economic crises appeared. In 1953, after Stalin's death, the Soviet Union's disciplinary organs immediately began a series of reorganization. The economic departments of the General Administration of Labor camps were gradually separated from each other. The size of the General Administration of Labor camps was shrinking, and the State began to replace the camps with ordinary prisons until 1960, when the transformation was finally completed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K512.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 王丽欣;索尔仁尼琴及其《古拉格群岛》的创作风格[J];北方论丛;2004年02期
2 张光明;斯大林模式的根本特征[J];俄罗斯研究;2003年01期
3 冯佩成;苏联农业集体化中的特殊移民现象[J];俄罗斯研究;2005年03期
4 吴恩远;;再谈俄罗斯反思苏联历史、重评斯大林思潮[J];世界历史;2006年02期
5 马龙闪;俄罗斯是在呼唤“铁腕”、呼唤强权——对俄罗斯近年出现的所谓“重评思潮”的剖析[J];世界历史;2005年02期
6 郑异凡;斯大林时期镇压规模考[J];世界历史;2003年04期
7 吴恩远;从档案材料看苏联30年代大清洗数字的夸大——兼答郑异凡先生[J];世界历史;2003年04期
8 吴恩远;苏联“三十年代大清洗”人数考[J];历史研究;2002年05期
9 郑异凡;;论斯大林镇压问题研究中的某些概念和方法[J];历史研究;2005年05期
10 马龙闪;;苏联“大清洗”受迫害人数再考察[J];历史研究;2005年05期
，本文编号：2258561
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2258561.html
最近更新
教材专著
