外邦福音传教协会对北美黑奴的传教研究

发布时间：2018-10-09 09:29

【摘要】：在世界近代史中，伴随着英国的崛起和在海外的殖民，基督教被广泛传播到英国在世界各地的殖民地中。作为基督教新教的一支——英国国教会（Church of England或Anglican Communion，也称为英国圣公会或安立甘宗）从16世纪建立之初就致力于在美国、非洲、印度等地传播基督教义，几个世纪以来英国国教会建立了许多海外传播协会，为基督教的深入传播做出了重要贡献。其中尤为值得注意的是，1701年由英国王室批准，托马斯布雷建立的为北美殖民地派遣海外传教士的外邦福音传教协会（TheSociety for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts，简称SPG）。本文选取外邦福音传教协会于18世纪对美洲大陆黑奴的传教情况作为研究对象，分三大部分进行论述。第一部分介绍外邦福音传教协会建立的背景、目的、运作机制，作为英国国教的代言人，外邦福音传教协会于18世纪在北美的传教事业要严格遵守英国国教的教义、规章和英国王室的指示。这一部分对传教协会的相关介绍为后文论述传教协会的传教事业起铺垫作用。第二部分是论文的主体部分，通过对英国国教会牧师之间的信件、牧师自传等文献资料的梳理，概述海外福音传教协会对北美大陆印第安人、白人、黑人受众的传播情况后，聚焦于传教协会对黑人受众的传教努力(建立慈善事业和公益事业、采取细致入微且具人性化的传教手段)，侧重分析传教协会对黑人传教所取得的成效有限的原因。在原因探析部分，本文将历史叙述和历史分析相结合，采用比较研究的手法，通过将英国国教会的传教活动与贵格派等其他教派的活动进行对比分析，从内因和外因两个层面分析外邦福音传教协会在北美传教受阻的原因。一方面，英国国教会内部教派分裂、英国国教教义天主教残余严重、外邦福音传教协会资金后援不足、外邦福音传教协会在北美大陆缺少主教、一些传教士的冷漠、协会缺少有效监督等内部困扰造成了北美传教事业的先天不足；另一方面，18世纪北美大陆宗教的多元化、黑奴受众的特殊性、奴隶主的顽固性、奴隶制问题的敏感性等外部干扰也给北美传教事业增加了难度。18世纪的美洲大陆经历了大觉醒运动和美国革命，本文力图将外邦福音传教协会在美洲大陆的传教活动融入到时代背景中，通过把握传教协会对这些重大历史事件的回应以更宽广的视野来看待传教协会的传教活动。第三部分，本文将在传教协会与北美公益事业及慈善事业的关系、与北美宗教多元化的关系、与北美宗教志愿及社会奉献精神的关系三个层面上，探析外邦福音传教协会对北美黑奴传教所产生的社会影响，以全面地评估外邦福音传教协会的传教事业。
[Abstract]:In the modern history of the world, with the rise of Britain and the colonization abroad, Christianity was widely spread to British colonies around the world. As a Protestant group, the Church of England, (Church of England or Anglican Communion, also known as Anglican or Anglican Church (Anglican or Anglican Church), was established in the 16th century to spread Christianity in the United States, Africa, India, etc. Over the centuries, the Church of England has established a number of overseas communication associations, which have made important contributions to the further spread of Christianity. Notably, in 1701, with the approval of the British royal family, Thomas Bray established the (TheSociety for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, Evangelical Missionary Association, which sent overseas missionaries to the North American colonies for short, SPG). In this paper, the evangelical association of the American continent in the 18th century as the study of the situation of serfs as the object of study, divided into three parts to discuss. The first part introduces the background, purpose and operating mechanism of the GJPA. As the spokesman of the Anglican Church, the GJPA's mission in North America in the 18th century should strictly abide by the teachings of the Anglican Church. The rules and instructions of the British royal family. This part of the introduction of the Missionary Association for the following discussion of the missionary Association of the cause of paving the way. The second part is the main part of the thesis, through the combing of the letters between the pastors of the British Church, the autobiography of the pastors and other documents, the paper summarizes the spread of the overseas Evangelical Missionary Association to the Indian, white and black audiences in the North American continent. Focusing on the missionary efforts of the missionary association to the black audience (establishing philanthropy and public welfare, adopting the meticulous and humanized means of preaching), the paper focuses on the analysis of the reasons for the limited effect of the missionary association on the black missionary. In the part of cause analysis, this paper combines historical narration with historical analysis, and compares the missionary activities of the Church of England with those of other sects such as the Quaker sect by means of comparative study. This paper analyzes the reasons for the obstruction of Gentile Evangelical Missionary Association in North America from both internal and external causes. On the one hand, the sects within the Church of England are divided, the Catholic remnants of the Church of England are serious, the foreign evangelical associations lack of financial support, the foreign evangelical societies lack bishops in the North American continent, and some missionaries are indifferent. The lack of effective supervision and other internal troubles of the Association caused the inherent deficiencies of the mission in North America. On the other hand, the religious pluralism of the North American continent in the 18th century, the particularity of the black slave audience, and the obstinacy of the slave owners. External interference such as the sensitivity of the issue of slavery also increased the difficulty of the mission in North America. The American continent experienced the Great Awakening Movement and the American Revolution in the 18th century. This paper tries to integrate the evangelical activities of the Gentiles Evangelical Association in the American continent into the background of the times, and views the missionary activities of the Missionary Association from a broader perspective by grasping the response of the Missionaries to these important historical events. In the third part, the relationship between the Missionary Association and the public welfare and charity in North America, the relationship with religious pluralism in North America, and the relationship with religious volunteers and social dedication in North America are discussed in three aspects. This paper analyzes the social influence of the Gentile Evangelical Missionary Association on the North American Black Slave missionary, in order to evaluate the evangelical cause of the Gentile Evangelical Missionary Association.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K71

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