雅典的外侨
发布时间：2018-10-09 12:08
【摘要】：雅典的外侨是雅典城邦中的一个特殊群体,既非公民或奴隶,也区别于临时来访者,他们需要在德莫注册并指定一个公民作为其庇护人,还需要缴纳一种叫外侨税的人头税。和希腊其他地方一样,雅典的公民权是排外而非开放的,外侨只有在特殊情况下才可以入籍成为雅典公民,绝大部分外侨仍然被排斥在公民队伍之外。对于土生土长的公民来说,离乡背井的外侨无疑是“他者”,雅典公民的身份意识正是不断地在与“他者”的比较中形成的。 虽然如此,雅典的政策非常灵活,它并不盲目排外,而是实行着开放的外侨准入政策。在梭伦和克里斯提尼时期甚至有大批外侨进入雅典并入籍成为公民。外侨是城邦生活所必需的,所以受到欢迎,但同时他们和公民群体之间有着清晰的和持续性的分野。公民和外侨之间的不平等一方面支持了民主政治的平等,另一方面转移了人们对公民严重的贫富差距的注意。雅典城邦的稳定至少部分归功于这种不平等。 为了维护公民共同体,雅典出台一系列法令来阻止那些企图混进公民队伍的外侨,一旦发现有人触犯法令,即给予严厉的惩罚。但在现实生活中,外侨和公民并不存在不可逾越的障碍,他们之间有着广泛的私人交往,并存在着相互合作、彼此获利的情况。在雅典城邦中,外侨发挥着不可替代的作用。他们广泛活跃在工商业领域中,其中值得一提的是海港贸易和古代银行业。海港贸易的繁荣既为外侨自身带来财富,也为雅典带来发展的契机。由外侨主营的银行业打破了土地和金钱之间的阻碍,联结了雅典经济不同领域。在军事领域中,外侨在紧急情况下与雅典公民携手共同保卫雅典民主,另一方面通过缴纳战争课税提供资金支持。少数外侨在政治领域也通过各种方式表达其政治诉求。
[Abstract]:Athenian aliens are a special group of Athenian city-states, who are neither citizens nor slaves but also temporary visitors. They need to register in Demo and designate a citizen as their patron. They also have to pay a poll tax called the Alien tax. Like the rest of Greece, the citizenship of Athens is exclusive, not open. Foreigners can only be naturalized as Athenian citizens under special circumstances, and the vast majority of foreigners are still excluded from the ranks of citizens. To the native citizen, the alien who left home is undoubtedly the "other", and the identity consciousness of the Athenian citizen is constantly formed in the comparison with the "other". However, Athens's policy is very flexible, it is not blind exclusion, but the implementation of open alien access policy. During the periods of Solon and Christinique, even a large number of aliens entered Athens and became citizens. Aliens are welcomed as a necessity for city-state life, but at the same time there is a clear and persistent division between them and the community of citizens. The inequality between citizens and aliens supports the equality of democracy on the one hand, and diverts attention from the serious gap between the rich and the poor of citizens on the other. The stability of the Athenian city-states is at least partly attributable to this inequality. To protect the Community of Citizens, Athens issued a series of decrees to discourage aliens who tried to infiltrate the ranks of citizens and to impose severe penalties if anyone was found to have broken the law. However, in real life, there are no insurmountable obstacles between aliens and citizens. They have extensive private contacts, mutual cooperation and mutual profit. In Athens, aliens play an irreplaceable role. They are widely active in the industrial and commercial fields, among which are the seaport trade and ancient banking. The prosperity of seaport trade brought both wealth and opportunity to Athens. The banking sector, run by foreigners, broke the barrier between land and money and linked Athens's economy. In the military field, aliens join hands with Athenian citizens to defend Athenian democracy in emergencies, and provide financial support through the payment of war taxes. A small number of foreigners also express their political demands in various ways in the political field.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K125
，
本文编号：2259282
[Abstract]:Athenian aliens are a special group of Athenian city-states, who are neither citizens nor slaves but also temporary visitors. They need to register in Demo and designate a citizen as their patron. They also have to pay a poll tax called the Alien tax. Like the rest of Greece, the citizenship of Athens is exclusive, not open. Foreigners can only be naturalized as Athenian citizens under special circumstances, and the vast majority of foreigners are still excluded from the ranks of citizens. To the native citizen, the alien who left home is undoubtedly the "other", and the identity consciousness of the Athenian citizen is constantly formed in the comparison with the "other". However, Athens's policy is very flexible, it is not blind exclusion, but the implementation of open alien access policy. During the periods of Solon and Christinique, even a large number of aliens entered Athens and became citizens. Aliens are welcomed as a necessity for city-state life, but at the same time there is a clear and persistent division between them and the community of citizens. The inequality between citizens and aliens supports the equality of democracy on the one hand, and diverts attention from the serious gap between the rich and the poor of citizens on the other. The stability of the Athenian city-states is at least partly attributable to this inequality. To protect the Community of Citizens, Athens issued a series of decrees to discourage aliens who tried to infiltrate the ranks of citizens and to impose severe penalties if anyone was found to have broken the law. However, in real life, there are no insurmountable obstacles between aliens and citizens. They have extensive private contacts, mutual cooperation and mutual profit. In Athens, aliens play an irreplaceable role. They are widely active in the industrial and commercial fields, among which are the seaport trade and ancient banking. The prosperity of seaport trade brought both wealth and opportunity to Athens. The banking sector, run by foreigners, broke the barrier between land and money and linked Athens's economy. In the military field, aliens join hands with Athenian citizens to defend Athenian democracy in emergencies, and provide financial support through the payment of war taxes. A small number of foreigners also express their political demands in various ways in the political field.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K125
，
本文编号：2259282
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