印度旁遮普邦农业发展及其影响、启示研究（1966-2004）

发布时间：2018-10-10 17:31

【摘要】：20世纪60年代,印度遭遇严重的粮食危机,找寻到粮食迅速增产的方法迫在眉睫。此时,国际社会对小麦、水稻等主要粮食品种基因改造及其实现高产的关键投入的研究已取得重大突破。墨西哥及部分东南亚国家率先将此研究进行实践并大幅提高粮食产量,国际社会称此为“绿色革命”。1966年,印度英吉拉·甘地政府综合多方考虑最终决定采用此农业发展新战略,挑选旁遮普邦等农业条件突出的区域进行重点推行。旁遮普邦在扎实农业基础上继续构建完善的农业投入体系,利用高产品种创造了粮食增长与农业发展的“奇迹”并成为印度其他邦的重要示范。同时,旁遮普邦“绿色革命”对当地经济、社会、生态等领域俱产生深远影响。本文通过集中研究印度“绿色革命”最为成功的地区---旁遮普邦,阐述其过程、成就及其影响,分析经验教训,最终为世界其他国家和地区的农业发展提供借鉴。全文由前言、正文、结语三部分构成,正文部分共分为四个部分。前言部分主要包括选题缘由及意义、学术史回顾、概念及时段界定、理论依据与方法、研究思路、论文创新点及不足之处。第一部分回顾旁遮普邦“绿色革命”的国际、国内背景及其农业条件。该部分考察了“绿色革命”由来及印度政府为何坚决采用此农业新战略,并阐述旁遮普邦被选择为实施区域的主要原因。第二部分重点论述旁遮普邦“绿色革命”的表现、阶段及特征。在此基础上,分析旁遮普邦“绿色革命”发展的有利因素,揭示其成功的原因。第三部分主要分析旁遮普邦“绿色革命”对农业以外领域的深远影响,包括积极和消极影响。同时,对旁遮普邦“绿色革命”是否成功做出评判。最后,针对当前旁遮普邦农业发展现状提出合理的前景分析。第四部分根据旁遮普邦“绿色革命”的成就及其问题提炼经验教训,为世界其他国家和地区,尤其是发展中国家提供镜鉴。结语部分在总结全文的基础上,结合实际情况将旁遮普邦“绿色革命”与第二次“绿色革命”进行对接,指出旁遮普邦“绿色革命”仍旧存在较大的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In the 1960 s, India suffered a serious food crisis, and it was urgent to find ways to increase grain production rapidly. At this time, the international community has made a great breakthrough in the research of genetic transformation of wheat, rice and other major grain varieties and the key inputs to achieve high yield. Mexico and some Southeast Asian countries took the lead in putting the study into practice and dramatically increasing food production, which the international community calls the "Green Revolution." in 1966, India's Indira Gandhi government has finally decided to adopt this new agricultural development strategy and select areas such as Punjab for priority implementation. On the basis of solid agriculture, Punjab has continued to construct a perfect agricultural input system, and has created a "miracle" of grain growth and agricultural development by using high-yield seeds and has become an important demonstration of other Indian states. At the same time, the Punjab Green Revolution has a profound impact on the local economy, society, ecology and other fields. This paper focuses on Punjab, the most successful region of the "Green Revolution" in India, expounds its process, achievements and influences, analyzes the experiences and lessons, and finally provides reference for the agricultural development of other countries and regions in the world. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion, and the text is divided into four parts. The preface mainly includes the reason and significance of selecting the topic, the review of academic history, the definition of concept and period, the theoretical basis and method, the research idea, the innovation of the thesis and the deficiency. The first part reviews the international, domestic background and agricultural conditions of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab. This section examines the origin of the "Green Revolution" and why the Indian government is determined to adopt this new agricultural strategy, and explains the main reasons why Punjab was chosen as the implementing region. The second part focuses on the performance, stage and characteristics of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab. On this basis, this paper analyzes the favorable factors for the development of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab and reveals the reasons for its success. The third part mainly analyzes the profound influence of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab on the fields beyond agriculture, including positive and negative effects. At the same time, the Punjab's "Green Revolution" is judged to be successful. Finally, according to the current situation of Punjab agricultural development, a reasonable prospect analysis is put forward. The fourth part, according to the achievements and problems of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab, provides lessons for other countries and regions in the world, especially for the developing countries. In the conclusion part, on the basis of summarizing the full text, connecting the "Green Revolution" of Punjab with the second "Green Revolution", the author points out that the "Green Revolution" of Punjab is still of great practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K351.5

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