20世纪菲华女性家庭和社会角色变迁的研究
发布时间：2018-10-11 08:19
【摘要】：在海外华侨华人研究中,女性研究较为薄弱,迄今为止,有关菲律宾华侨华人女性的研究还非常少,笔者希望就此课题展开尝试。根据2013及2014年两次暑期赴菲调研所获文献及访谈资料,本文分三个时期对菲华女性家庭与社会角色的变迁进行了梳理。一、20世纪初至40年代中期:20世纪前,赴菲女性人数极少。1898年美国统治开始后,将排华法案引入菲律宾,此间仅有少数女性能以家眷身份入境,其活动主要局限在家庭。30年代后国内动荡的局势促使成规模的女性以难民身份赴菲,这既壮大了菲华女性的力量,也减少了以往由于性别比率悬殊而造成的族际通婚现象,中国式家庭成为主流。同时,在抗战背景下,部分女性走出家门参与到支援祖国抗战的社会活动中,推动了菲华女性角色的社会化。二、20世纪40年代中后期至1975年中菲建交:战后,受中菲关系变化及菲律宾经济民族化即“菲化”政策影响,菲华社会开始了当地化发展。在当地化过程中,华人传统观念受到菲律宾主流社会思想的影响,由保守走向开明;与此同时,菲化压力下华侨经济转型开始多元化发展,并重获生机。在这一时期,华社观念的改变及经济的成长为女性的自我发展提供了条件与空间,菲华女性获得了更多的教育和入职的机会,促使其家庭和社会角色发生了转变。但作为一个过渡时期,这期间菲华社会仍保留着较强的中华传统文化的影响,因而,受传统观念影响,女性的关注焦点及活动空间仍以家庭为主,职业女性仍属少数。三、1975年中菲建交至世纪之交:1975年中菲建交,华侨成批大量入籍,菲华社会由“华侨社会”过渡为“华人社会”,民族融合也进一步推进。在这一时期,社会进步赋予华人女性更多受教育和入职的机会,女性受教育水平明显提高,职业女性逐渐普遍化。此外,伴随着社会观念的改变和菲律宾文化的影响,菲华女性在家庭中的地位得到了提高,在婚姻自主、财产继承和家庭决策等方面有了很大的进步,受此影响,有更多华人女性走出“家庭”,不仅在菲华社会活动中发挥才能,还开始在菲律宾主流政治中崭露头角。在新的时代背景下,菲华女性进行了自我家庭角色和社会角色的重新修正和定位。总的来说,20世纪以来菲华女性家庭和社会角色是从传统走向现代,其现代女性角色的构建过程可简单归结为:萌发期相夫教子的家庭妇女、建构期家庭与事业间徘徊两难的女性、发展期力求家庭和事业同兼顾的现代女性。
[Abstract]:In the study of overseas Chinese and Chinese, the female study is relatively weak, so far, the research on the Filipino overseas Chinese women is still very few, the author hopes to try this topic. According to the literature and interview materials obtained from the two summer visits to the Philippines in 2013 and 2014, this paper sorts out the changes of the family and social roles of women in the Philippines and China in three periods. First, from the beginning of the 20th century to the mid-1940s: before the 20th century, the number of women visiting the Philippines was very low. After the beginning of American rule in 1898, the Chinese exclusion Act was introduced into the Philippines, and only a few women were able to enter the country as family members. Its activities are mainly confined to families. After the 1930s, the turbulent situation in the country prompted women on a large scale to go to the Philippines as refugees, which not only strengthened the strength of Filipino women, but also reduced the intermarriage phenomenon caused by the gender disparity in the past. Chinese family becomes the mainstream. At the same time, under the background of the War of Resistance against Japan, some women go out of their homes to participate in the social activities in support of the War of Resistance against Japan, which promotes the socialization of the female roles in the Philippines and China. Second, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines from the middle and late 1940s to 1975: after the war, influenced by the changes in Sino-Philippine relations and the nationalization of the Philippine economy, the Philippine and Chinese society began to develop locally. In the process of localization, the traditional Chinese concept was influenced by the mainstream social thought of the Philippines, and changed from conservative to enlightened. At the same time, under the pressure of Filipinization, the economic transformation of overseas Chinese began to diversify and gained vitality. During this period, the change of Chinese society concept and the growth of economy provided the condition and space for women's self-development, and the Filipino women got more opportunities of education and employment, which promoted the change of their family and social roles. However, as a transitional period, the Filipino Chinese society still retains a strong influence of traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, under the influence of traditional concepts, women's focus and activity space are still mainly family, and professional women are still a minority. Third, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975 to the turn of the century: with the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975, a large number of overseas Chinese were naturalized, and the Filipino Chinese society was transformed from an "overseas Chinese society" to a "Chinese society", and ethnic integration was further promoted. During this period, social progress gave Chinese women more opportunities to receive education and employment. In addition, with the change of social attitudes and the influence of Filipino culture, the status of Filipino women in the family has been improved, and great progress has been made in the areas of marriage autonomy, property inheritance and family decision-making. More Chinese women are out of the family, not only in Philippine and Chinese social activities, but also in mainstream Philippine politics. Against the background of the new era, Filipino women have redefined their own family role and social role. In general, the family and social roles of Filipino women in China since the 20th century have changed from tradition to modernity, and the construction process of their modern female roles can be summed up as follows: the housewives who met their husbands and taught their children during the germination period. During the construction period, the dilemma between family and career lingers. In the development period, the modern women strive for both family and career.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D634.3;K341
本文编号：2263489
[Abstract]:In the study of overseas Chinese and Chinese, the female study is relatively weak, so far, the research on the Filipino overseas Chinese women is still very few, the author hopes to try this topic. According to the literature and interview materials obtained from the two summer visits to the Philippines in 2013 and 2014, this paper sorts out the changes of the family and social roles of women in the Philippines and China in three periods. First, from the beginning of the 20th century to the mid-1940s: before the 20th century, the number of women visiting the Philippines was very low. After the beginning of American rule in 1898, the Chinese exclusion Act was introduced into the Philippines, and only a few women were able to enter the country as family members. Its activities are mainly confined to families. After the 1930s, the turbulent situation in the country prompted women on a large scale to go to the Philippines as refugees, which not only strengthened the strength of Filipino women, but also reduced the intermarriage phenomenon caused by the gender disparity in the past. Chinese family becomes the mainstream. At the same time, under the background of the War of Resistance against Japan, some women go out of their homes to participate in the social activities in support of the War of Resistance against Japan, which promotes the socialization of the female roles in the Philippines and China. Second, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines from the middle and late 1940s to 1975: after the war, influenced by the changes in Sino-Philippine relations and the nationalization of the Philippine economy, the Philippine and Chinese society began to develop locally. In the process of localization, the traditional Chinese concept was influenced by the mainstream social thought of the Philippines, and changed from conservative to enlightened. At the same time, under the pressure of Filipinization, the economic transformation of overseas Chinese began to diversify and gained vitality. During this period, the change of Chinese society concept and the growth of economy provided the condition and space for women's self-development, and the Filipino women got more opportunities of education and employment, which promoted the change of their family and social roles. However, as a transitional period, the Filipino Chinese society still retains a strong influence of traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, under the influence of traditional concepts, women's focus and activity space are still mainly family, and professional women are still a minority. Third, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975 to the turn of the century: with the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975, a large number of overseas Chinese were naturalized, and the Filipino Chinese society was transformed from an "overseas Chinese society" to a "Chinese society", and ethnic integration was further promoted. During this period, social progress gave Chinese women more opportunities to receive education and employment. In addition, with the change of social attitudes and the influence of Filipino culture, the status of Filipino women in the family has been improved, and great progress has been made in the areas of marriage autonomy, property inheritance and family decision-making. More Chinese women are out of the family, not only in Philippine and Chinese social activities, but also in mainstream Philippine politics. Against the background of the new era, Filipino women have redefined their own family role and social role. In general, the family and social roles of Filipino women in China since the 20th century have changed from tradition to modernity, and the construction process of their modern female roles can be summed up as follows: the housewives who met their husbands and taught their children during the germination period. During the construction period, the dilemma between family and career lingers. In the development period, the modern women strive for both family and career.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D634.3;K341
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