赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫时期苏联工资制度改革
发布时间：2018-10-24 18:43
【摘要】： 本文在收集大量国内外相关资料的基础上,以马克思主义唯物史观为指导,运用史学和经济学理论相结合的方法,对上世纪50年代中期至70年代末的苏联工资制度改革做了初步的研究和探讨。通过研究这一时期苏联工资制度改革的背景、措施以及结果等问题,客观地分析了工资制度改革对苏联经济与社会的影响。 苏联工资制度改革是苏联经济体制改革的一项内容。苏联从50年代中期开始,到70年代末,对工资制度曾进行过两次全国范围的调整,这两次调整分别在赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫时期进行,采取的具体措施包括:提高最低工资限额;提高中等工资;加大标准工资在工资中所占的比重;减少工资等级数,缩小工资等级表两端之间的差距;按照劳动条件规定工资标准的差距;调整部门间工资水平的对比,缩小生产部门同非生产部门的差距;调整地区工资系数;提高计时工资的比重;简化和统一工资等级制度。同时,逐步提高奖金在工资中的作用。 这些措施基本上适应了生产发展的需要,有利地提高了人民收入,在一定时期内提高了劳动者的积极性,促进了社会生产的发展,在地区发展中,改革后的工资政策有力地调节了地区劳动力分布,为劳动力缺乏地区吸引了大批的熟练工人和技术人员。但上述改革并没有突破30年代所确立的传统工资体制的束缚,平均主义“大锅饭”和奖金不合理等现象日益严重,这些都严重消磨掉苏联各行各业工作者优秀的品质,为苏联日后的发展埋下了隐患。 全文由正文、注释和参考文献三个部分组成。 正文分三个部分。 第一部分主要介绍了赫鲁晓夫时期工资制度改革的背景,诸如政治环境、经济基础、“超越阶段”思想对赫鲁晓夫改革的影响以及列宁和斯大林时期苏联工资制度中的各种问题;系统研究了这一阶段苏联工资制度改革的具体措施。 第二部分主要分析了勃列日涅夫时期工资制度改革的原因和工资改革的具体内容。 第三部分研究了赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫时期苏联工资制度改革的结果,从正反两个方面分析了这一时期苏联工资制度改革的经济与社会的影响,并提出了自己的观点。
[Abstract]:On the basis of collecting a large number of domestic and foreign relevant data, this paper, guided by Marxist historical materialism, applies the method of combining historiography and economic theory. This paper makes a preliminary study and discussion on the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. By studying the background, measures and results of the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period, this paper objectively analyzes the impact of the reform of the wage system on the Soviet Union's economy and society. The reform of the Soviet wage system is one of the contents of the reform of the Soviet economic system. From the mid-1950s to the late 1970s, the Soviet Union made two nationwide adjustments to the wage system, respectively during the periods of Khrushchev and Brezhnev. Specific measures taken include: raising the minimum wage limit; raising the median wage; increasing the share of standard wages in wages; reducing the number of wage grades and narrowing the gap between the two ends of the wage scale; According to the labor conditions, the wage standard gap should be stipulated; the wage level between the departments should be adjusted to narrow the gap between the production department and the non-productive sector; the regional wage coefficient should be adjusted; the proportion of the hourly wage should be increased; and the wage grade system should be simplified and unified. At the same time, gradually increase the role of bonuses in wages. These measures have basically met the needs of the development of production, increased the income of the people advantageously, increased the enthusiasm of the workers within a certain period of time, and promoted the development of social production, and in the course of regional development, After the reform, the wage policy has been able to regulate the distribution of local labor force, attracting a large number of skilled workers and technical personnel for the lack of labor force. However, these reforms have not broken through the shackles of the traditional wage system established in the 1930s, and the phenomenon of egalitarianism "big pot rice" and unreasonable bonuses has become increasingly serious, which has seriously eroded the outstanding qualities of Soviet workers in various trades and industries. For the future development of the Soviet Union buried hidden dangers. The full text consists of three parts: text, annotation and reference. The text is divided into three parts. The first part mainly introduces the background of wage system reform in Khrushchev period, such as political environment, economic foundation, The influence of the thought of "transcendental stage" on Khrushchev's reform and various problems in the Soviet Union's wage system during Lenin and Stalin's period were systematically studied, and the concrete measures for the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period were systematically studied. The second part mainly analyzes the reason of wage system reform in Brezhnev period and the concrete content of wage reform. The third part studies the results of Soviet wage system reform in Khrushchev and Brezhnev period, analyzes the economic and social influence of Soviet wage system reform in this period from the positive and negative aspects, and puts forward its own views.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K512.5
本文编号：2292231
[Abstract]:On the basis of collecting a large number of domestic and foreign relevant data, this paper, guided by Marxist historical materialism, applies the method of combining historiography and economic theory. This paper makes a preliminary study and discussion on the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. By studying the background, measures and results of the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period, this paper objectively analyzes the impact of the reform of the wage system on the Soviet Union's economy and society. The reform of the Soviet wage system is one of the contents of the reform of the Soviet economic system. From the mid-1950s to the late 1970s, the Soviet Union made two nationwide adjustments to the wage system, respectively during the periods of Khrushchev and Brezhnev. Specific measures taken include: raising the minimum wage limit; raising the median wage; increasing the share of standard wages in wages; reducing the number of wage grades and narrowing the gap between the two ends of the wage scale; According to the labor conditions, the wage standard gap should be stipulated; the wage level between the departments should be adjusted to narrow the gap between the production department and the non-productive sector; the regional wage coefficient should be adjusted; the proportion of the hourly wage should be increased; and the wage grade system should be simplified and unified. At the same time, gradually increase the role of bonuses in wages. These measures have basically met the needs of the development of production, increased the income of the people advantageously, increased the enthusiasm of the workers within a certain period of time, and promoted the development of social production, and in the course of regional development, After the reform, the wage policy has been able to regulate the distribution of local labor force, attracting a large number of skilled workers and technical personnel for the lack of labor force. However, these reforms have not broken through the shackles of the traditional wage system established in the 1930s, and the phenomenon of egalitarianism "big pot rice" and unreasonable bonuses has become increasingly serious, which has seriously eroded the outstanding qualities of Soviet workers in various trades and industries. For the future development of the Soviet Union buried hidden dangers. The full text consists of three parts: text, annotation and reference. The text is divided into three parts. The first part mainly introduces the background of wage system reform in Khrushchev period, such as political environment, economic foundation, The influence of the thought of "transcendental stage" on Khrushchev's reform and various problems in the Soviet Union's wage system during Lenin and Stalin's period were systematically studied, and the concrete measures for the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period were systematically studied. The second part mainly analyzes the reason of wage system reform in Brezhnev period and the concrete content of wage reform. The third part studies the results of Soviet wage system reform in Khrushchev and Brezhnev period, analyzes the economic and social influence of Soviet wage system reform in this period from the positive and negative aspects, and puts forward its own views.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K512.5
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，本文编号：2292231
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