当代中俄学界关于叶卡捷琳娜二世外交政策研究的对比分析

发布时间：2018-11-11 20:51

【摘要】：叶卡捷琳娜二世是俄罗斯历史上伟大的统治者。18世纪下半叶,在她的统治之下,俄罗斯走向繁荣富强,跻身欧洲强国之列。不得不说,她的外交政策确有过人之处。一直以来,俄罗斯史学家对叶卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的研究未曾停歇,女皇积极的外交政策也引起了中国学者的兴趣。叶卡捷琳娜二世的外交政策可以说是全世界学者最热衷研究的俄国史问题之一。本文旨在通过介绍和分析当代中俄文献中有关叶卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的论述,探讨当代中俄学界有关该问题研究的发展历程和阶段特点,分析和比较两国研究的异同和优缺点,为中国学者研究叶卡捷琳娜二世的外交问题提供一些材料来源和观点启发,为深入研究女皇外交问题提供帮助。毫无疑问,俄罗斯学者在女皇外交政策研究这一课题上具有明显优势。当代俄罗斯史学界有关女皇外交政策的研究大致分为两个阶段：苏维埃政权时期和后苏联时期。苏维埃政权时期有关叶卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的研究数量较少、篇幅较小,基本不能构成体系,针对性不足,学者们对女皇的评价趋于“一边倒”式的批判。进入后苏联时期,随着旧意识形态桎梏的消失,不仅出现了大量新的档案材料,也出现了新的研究角度和观点。总的来说,新时期的学者更加重视发现叶卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的价值和积极因素,对叶卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的评价越来越正面。中国有关叶卡捷琳娜二世外交政策的研究相对较弱。总体上,中国学者的观点相对俄罗斯学者而言存在着继承性和滞后性。中国学者的研究大致可分为三个时期：1949年建国后到50年代末中苏关系恶化前、60年代初到70年代末以及80年代至今。中国有关该问题的研究不仅源于历史发展的需要,也适应着中国社会的发展变迁。中国学者与俄国学者在资料占有和语言上各成一体,不具有可比性；在价值判断上存在本质不同,中国学者就某些问题给出了有力的观点。在中俄共同关注的18世纪下半叶中俄关系问题上,学者们的对话主要集中在政治化的经贸往来和文化交流两个方面。两国学者均以本国母语档案材料为基础开展研究,由于各方关系错综复杂,原始材料并不丰富,双方记录也各执一词,后世学者在解读时难免众说纷纭。在解读历史细节时,不同立场的人们关注的重点往往不同,常常按照自己的理论和逻辑进行解读。但是,厘清历史事实,正确认识两国关系的过往,不仅有很高的学术价值,也对指导当今两国关系的发展具有重要的现实意义。在女皇外交的主要方向,如俄土战争、瓜分波兰、应对法国大革命等问题的研究上,俄罗斯学者的研究成果更为丰富多样。俄罗斯学者在解释这些问题时,十分善于发现民族利益,捍卫民族立场。
[Abstract]:Yekaterina II was a great ruler in the history of Russia. In the second half of the 18th century, under her rule, Russia became prosperous and powerful among the European powers. It must be said that her foreign policy is indeed superior. Russian historians have been studying Yekaterina II's foreign policy, and the Queen's active foreign policy has attracted interest from Chinese scholars. Yekaterina II's foreign policy can be said to be one of the most ardent questions in Russian history studied by scholars all over the world. By introducing and analyzing the foreign policy of Yekaterina II in the contemporary Chinese and Russian literature, this paper aims to explore the development process and stage characteristics of the research on this issue in the contemporary Chinese and Russian academic circles. This paper analyzes and compares the similarities and differences between the two countries and their advantages and disadvantages in order to provide some material sources and viewpoints for Chinese scholars to study the diplomatic problems of Yekaterina II and to provide help for the further study of the Queen's diplomacy. There is no doubt that Russian scholars have a clear advantage in the study of the Queen's foreign policy. The research on the Queen's foreign policy in contemporary Russian historiography is divided into two stages: Soviet regime period and post-Soviet period. The research on Yekaterina II's foreign policy during the Soviet regime period was less, less space, basically unable to form a system, inadequate pertinence, scholars' evaluation of the Queen tended to "one-sided" criticism. In the post-Soviet period, with the disappearance of the shackles of the old ideology, not only a lot of new archival materials appeared, but also new research angles and viewpoints emerged. In general, scholars in the new era pay more attention to discovering the value and positive factors of Yekaterina II's foreign policy, and evaluate Yekaterina II's foreign policy more and more positively. China's research on Yekaterina II's foreign policy is relatively weak. Generally speaking, Chinese scholars have inheritance and lag compared with Russian scholars. The research of Chinese scholars can be divided into three periods: from 1949 to the end of the 1950s before the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, from the early 1960s to the late 1970s and from the 1980s to the present. The research on this issue in China not only stems from the need of historical development, but also adapts to the development and changes of Chinese society. Chinese and Russian scholars are not comparable in terms of data possession and language, and there are essential differences in value judgment. Chinese scholars have put forward some powerful views on some problems. In the second half of the 18th century Sino-Russian relations concerned by China and Russia, scholars' dialogue mainly focuses on two aspects: politicized economic and trade exchanges and cultural exchanges. Scholars of both countries carry out research on the basis of their native language archival materials. Due to the complexity of the relations between the parties, the original materials are not rich, and the records of the two countries are different, the scholars of later generations will inevitably have different opinions in the interpretation. In interpreting historical details, people from different positions tend to focus on different points, often according to their own theory and logic. However, clarifying the historical facts and correctly understanding the past of the relations between the two countries not only has high academic value, but also has important practical significance to guide the development of the relations between the two countries. In the main direction of Queen's diplomacy, such as the Russo-Turkish War, the partition of Poland, the French Revolution and other issues, Russian scholars have more rich and diverse research results. Russian scholars, when explaining these problems, are very good at discovering national interests and defending national positions.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K512.3

【相似文献】