种族卫生学与纳粹时期的德国医学界
发布时间：2018-11-16 12:49
【摘要】：种族主义是纳粹意识形态的重要支柱，正是在这种意识形态的支配下，纳粹政权开始了疯狂的屠杀。这些被害者，仅仅因为他们是犹太人、吉普赛人、残疾人或身体有缺陷者而惨遭屠杀，这是纳粹政权邪恶本质的最好体现。然而纳粹政权是不可能独自完成这些罪恶的，它需要有一整套体系支持。 19世纪科学成就斐然，这就使科学的地位得到了极大地提高。同时，19世纪以来，，工业化的发展也给社会带来了前所未有的问题。正是在这一背景下，科学被看成是解决工业化社会问题的关键。随着社会达尔文主义和遗传学的兴起，使人们看到了将生物学和医学理论应用于人类社会的“希望”。德国的种族卫生学运动，正是将生物学理论简单代入人类社会思考的结果。这一理论以遗传学确定的物种差异性为基础，据此认定种族差异存在的合理性，进而将整个人类社会文明进程看成是种族之间斗争的结果。同时，这一理论还将种族主义说成是建立在生物学，特别是遗传学基础上的“科学”。这就使种族卫生学成为了证明纳粹种族理论的最好的工具。 随着纳粹上台，种族卫生学在德国成为了医学领域的重要学科。纳粹通过一体化运动，牢牢地将德国医学界掌握在手中。纳粹还通过对医学出版界的控制和对医学教育的改革，改变了德国医学界传统的医学价值观，将种族主义的思想灌入其中。由于德国医学界早已认同了纳粹的种族理论，他们发起的“种族卫生学”运动与纳粹有着密切的联系。因此，德国医学界给予了纳粹统治者最有力的支持。在倒向纳粹的过程中，他们并非被动的接受，而是积极主动的参与。这个领域的科学家通过他们的科学研究，支持了纳粹的种族理论。不仅如此，他们还积极参与了纳粹的种族政策的制定、实施与管理。 无论是纳粹绝育法还是《纽伦堡法案》，德国医学界已经深深陷入其中。正是德国医学界使纳粹种族立法成为可能；也正是由于他们的积极配合，才使纳粹的种族政策得以顺利实施。而这一切最终将德国引向罪恶的深渊。最后，在德国屠杀机器开动的时候，德国医学界再次利用种族卫生学，为纳粹屠杀寻找借口。而在这个过程中，德国医生还直接参与了纳粹的安乐死计划和针对犹太人的屠杀。 纳粹种族主义是纳粹邪恶性重要体现，而纳粹种族主义在第三帝国却得到了德国医学界的认同和支持。德国医学沦为了纳粹政权的罪恶工具。纳粹政权从来就不拒绝用科学的手段来反人类。生物学和医学因为其在人类社会中的特殊作用，它被纳粹看成是证明自己种族理论的绝佳工具。也正是因为这样，德国医学界在纳粹德国受到重用。在与纳粹同谋的过程中，医学界比其他学科更为积极主动。通过对纳粹时期德国医学界的研究，人们能够更好的、更加全面的理解科学与纳粹政权之间密不可分的关系。
[Abstract]:Racism is an important pillar of Nazi ideology, under which the Nazi regime began to carnage. These victims, who were slaughtered simply because they were Jews, gypsies, disabled or physically handicapped, were the best manifestation of the evil nature of the Nazi regime. The Nazi regime, however, could not accomplish these evils on its own; it needed a complete system to support them. The great achievements of science in the 19 th century greatly improved the status of science. At the same time, the development of industrialization has brought unprecedented problems to society since the 19 th century. It is against this background that science is regarded as the key to solving the problems of industrialized society. With the rise of social Darwinism and genetics, people see the "hope" of applying biological and medical theories to human society. The ethno-hygiene movement in Germany was the result of the simple introduction of biological theory into human society. This theory is based on the species diversity determined by genetics, which determines the rationality of the existence of racial differences, and then regards the whole process of human civilization as the result of race struggle. At the same time, the theory describes racism as "science" based on biology, especially genetics. This makes racial hygiene the best tool for proving Nazi racial theory. With the Nazi coming to power, ethnic hygiene became an important subject in medicine in Germany. Through the integration movement, the Nazis firmly held German medicine in their hands. Through the control of medical publishing and the reform of medical education, the Nazis changed the traditional medical values of German medical circles and poured racist ideas into them. Since the German medical community had agreed with the Nazi theory of race, their "racial hygiene" movement was closely related to the Nazis. Thus, the German medical community gave the Nazi rulers the strongest support. In the process of turning to the Nazis, they did not passively accept, but actively participated. Scientists in this field supported the Nazi theory of race through their scientific research. Not only that, they also actively participated in the formulation, implementation and management of Nazi racial policy. Both the Nazi sterilization law and the Nuremberg Act, the German medical community has been deeply involved. It was the German medical profession that made Nazi racial legislation possible, and it was because of their active cooperation that the Nazi racial policy was carried out smoothly. All this eventually led Germany to the abyss of evil. Finally, as the German killing machine started, the German medical profession again used racial hygiene to justify Nazi killings. In the process, German doctors were directly involved in Nazi euthanasia and the slaughter of Jews. Nazi racism is an important embodiment of Nazi evil, and Nazi racism has been recognized and supported by German medical circles in the third Reich. German medicine was reduced to the evil tool of the Nazi regime. The Nazi regime never refused to use scientific means to oppose humanity. Biology and medicine, because of their special role in human society, were regarded by the Nazis as an excellent tool for proving their racial theories. It was because of this that German medicine was reused in Nazi Germany. In the process of complicity with the Nazis, the medical profession was more active than other disciplines. Through the study of German medical circles during the Nazi period, people can better and more comprehensively understand the inextricable relationship between science and Nazi regime.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R-09;K516
本文编号：2335559
[Abstract]:Racism is an important pillar of Nazi ideology, under which the Nazi regime began to carnage. These victims, who were slaughtered simply because they were Jews, gypsies, disabled or physically handicapped, were the best manifestation of the evil nature of the Nazi regime. The Nazi regime, however, could not accomplish these evils on its own; it needed a complete system to support them. The great achievements of science in the 19 th century greatly improved the status of science. At the same time, the development of industrialization has brought unprecedented problems to society since the 19 th century. It is against this background that science is regarded as the key to solving the problems of industrialized society. With the rise of social Darwinism and genetics, people see the "hope" of applying biological and medical theories to human society. The ethno-hygiene movement in Germany was the result of the simple introduction of biological theory into human society. This theory is based on the species diversity determined by genetics, which determines the rationality of the existence of racial differences, and then regards the whole process of human civilization as the result of race struggle. At the same time, the theory describes racism as "science" based on biology, especially genetics. This makes racial hygiene the best tool for proving Nazi racial theory. With the Nazi coming to power, ethnic hygiene became an important subject in medicine in Germany. Through the integration movement, the Nazis firmly held German medicine in their hands. Through the control of medical publishing and the reform of medical education, the Nazis changed the traditional medical values of German medical circles and poured racist ideas into them. Since the German medical community had agreed with the Nazi theory of race, their "racial hygiene" movement was closely related to the Nazis. Thus, the German medical community gave the Nazi rulers the strongest support. In the process of turning to the Nazis, they did not passively accept, but actively participated. Scientists in this field supported the Nazi theory of race through their scientific research. Not only that, they also actively participated in the formulation, implementation and management of Nazi racial policy. Both the Nazi sterilization law and the Nuremberg Act, the German medical community has been deeply involved. It was the German medical profession that made Nazi racial legislation possible, and it was because of their active cooperation that the Nazi racial policy was carried out smoothly. All this eventually led Germany to the abyss of evil. Finally, as the German killing machine started, the German medical profession again used racial hygiene to justify Nazi killings. In the process, German doctors were directly involved in Nazi euthanasia and the slaughter of Jews. Nazi racism is an important embodiment of Nazi evil, and Nazi racism has been recognized and supported by German medical circles in the third Reich. German medicine was reduced to the evil tool of the Nazi regime. The Nazi regime never refused to use scientific means to oppose humanity. Biology and medicine, because of their special role in human society, were regarded by the Nazis as an excellent tool for proving their racial theories. It was because of this that German medicine was reused in Nazi Germany. In the process of complicity with the Nazis, the medical profession was more active than other disciplines. Through the study of German medical circles during the Nazi period, people can better and more comprehensively understand the inextricable relationship between science and Nazi regime.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R-09;K516
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 刘丽娟;纳粹德国的知识分子与大屠杀[D];郑州大学;2013年
本文编号：2335559
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