英国维多利亚时期中产阶级妇女就业状况研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 18:30

【摘要】：维多利亚时期是英国资本主义发展史上的“黄金时期”,工业革命的发展给该时期的英国带来了史无前例的经济发展和社会变化,处于这一转型时期的英国中产阶级女性,其生活就业状况呈现出新的特点。维多利亚早期,工业革命的发展使生产场所与生活空间日益分离,“妇女的位置在家里”的传统观念得以强化,作为家庭地位的象征,中产阶级妇女逐渐退出传统的生产领域,更不允许外出工作。即使有部分中产阶级女性外出工作,可供她们选择的职业领域也非常狭窄,只能从事家庭教师和裁缝等职业。维多利亚中期,英国经济的繁荣为中产阶级女性进入职业领域创造了条件。那些受过教育,渴望实现自我发展的女性对单调狭隘的家庭生活日益不满,她们冲出家庭的樊篱,推动了慈善运动的发展,并从中开辟出新的职业,女性专业教师和护士就在这时出现了。维多利亚晚期,随着第二次科技革命的深入发展,第三产业和妇女运动蓬勃兴起,推动了人类生活日益社会化和女子受教育水平的提高,从而带来了新的就业机会。中产阶级女性除了进入传统的教师和护理职业,还进入了原来由男性垄断的医学、制药、图书管理、办公室、商店等职业领域。她们摆脱了依附状态,成为自尊、自强、自立的新女性,成为英国经济发展不可缺少的重要部分,自身地位得以提高。中产阶级职业女性作为妇女运动的倡导者和主力军,推动了妇女运动的发展,为妇女的进一步解放奠定了基础。本文以唯物史观为指导,对维多利亚时期中产阶级妇女的职业演进历程进行考察和分析,详细阐述其就业的基本状况、特点,探讨论证该时期中产阶级妇女的职业变迁与社会经济、政治和文化变动的相关联系。社会政治、经济和文化变动从根本上制约和影响着妇女的生活就业状况,但她们并不是被动地承受社会变动的后果,她们的就业追求和努力反过来也对社会发展产生了重要影响。
[Abstract]:The Victorian period was a "golden age" in the history of British capitalism. The development of the industrial revolution brought unprecedented economic development and social change to Britain. Its life and employment situation presents new characteristics. In the early Victorian era, the development of the industrial revolution made the place of production increasingly separate from the living space, and the traditional concept of "the place of women at home" was strengthened. As a symbol of family status, middle-class women gradually withdrew from the traditional field of production. It is not allowed to go out to work. Even if some middle-class women go out to work, their choice of careers is narrow, with jobs such as tutoring and tailoring. In the mid-Victorian era, Britain's economic boom created conditions for middle-class women to enter the profession. The educated women who were eager to achieve self-development were increasingly dissatisfied with the monotonous and narrow family life. They rushed out of the family fence, spurred the development of the charity movement, and opened up new careers from it. This is when female professional teachers and nurses appear. In the late Victorian period, with the further development of the second revolution of science and technology, the tertiary industry and the women's movement flourished, which promoted the socialization of human life and the improvement of the education level of women, thus bringing new employment opportunities. In addition to their traditional teaching and nursing careers, middle-class women have entered male-monopolized fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, book management, offices, shops and so on. They got rid of dependency and became new women with self-esteem, self-improvement and independence. They became an indispensable part of British economic development and their status was improved. As the advocate and main force of the women's movement, middle-class working women promoted the development of the women's movement and laid the foundation for the further emancipation of women. Guided by historical materialism, this paper examines and analyzes the career evolution of women in the Victorian middle class, and expounds in detail the basic conditions and characteristics of their employment. This paper discusses the relationship between the career changes of middle-class women and the social, economic, political and cultural changes in this period. Socio-political, economic and cultural changes fundamentally constrain and influence the living and employment situation of women, but they are not passively exposed to the consequences of social change, Their employment pursuit and efforts in turn have an important impact on social development.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561.4

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