第480号公法与20世纪60年代美国对印度的粮食援助政策

发布时间：2018-11-18 21:12

【摘要】：本文在尽可能地占有和利用档案资料和其他相关资料的基础上,以美国第480号公法为基础对20世纪60年代美国对印度的粮食援助进行了细致的历史考察,对第480号公法发展完善的过程即在肯尼迪时期、约翰逊时期的演化进行了梳理,以此为基础,对美国对印度的粮食援助政策的决策过程、粮食在美国政策中的作用作了深入的分析,揭示美国粮食援助政策的有限性。本文正文分为前言、主题章(三章)、结语(一章)三大部分：第一章详细论述了第480号公法的出台背景和主要内容,为了解决剩余农产品问题美国通过了第480号公法,它主要包含三个条款：以外国货币销售,饥荒救济与其他援助,捐赠和易货,为美国粮食援助政策制度化奠定了基础。第二章主要论述肯尼迪时期第480号公法发展成为粮食用于和平计划,在此基础上肯尼迪政府对印度进行了大量的援助,而此时印度主要依靠由国外贷款资金购买美国的粮食,关注工业化的进程而忽视农业的发展。第三章主要阐释约翰逊时期在拉紧绳拴政策下,针对印度的粮食危机,美国对印度的粮食援助,通过一系列措施促使印度实现自助,实现自由化改革,将粮食在一定程度上作为控制杆来使用。第四章为总结章,是对20世纪60年代美国对印度的粮食援助政策的总结论述。粮食作为美国外交政策的一种重要工具,效果有限；美国对印度的粮食援助政策融合了白宫、国会、志愿者机构、国际组织及总统个人的意愿,是权力博弈的结果。
[Abstract]:Based on the possession and utilization of archival materials and other relevant materials as far as possible, this paper makes a detailed historical investigation of the food aid provided by the United States to India in the 1960s on the basis of American Public Law 480. The development and perfection of public law No. 480, that is, the evolution of the Kennedy and Johnson periods, is combed, and on the basis of this, the decision-making process of the United States' food aid policy towards India is made. The function of grain in American policy is analyzed in depth to reveal the limitation of American food aid policy. This text is divided into preface, subject chapter (three chapters), conclusion (one chapter) three parts: the first chapter discusses the background and main content of public law 480 in detail, in order to solve the problem of surplus agricultural products, the United States adopted public law 480. It mainly contains three clauses: selling in foreign currency, famine relief and other aid, donation and barter, which laid the foundation for the institutionalization of American food aid policy. The second chapter mainly discusses the development of public law 480 in Kennedy period into food for peace program. On this basis, the Kennedy administration carried out a large number of aid to India, while India mainly relied on foreign loans to buy American food. Pay attention to the process of industrialization and neglect the development of agriculture. The third chapter mainly explains that under the policy of tight rope and tie in Johnson period, in view of the food crisis in India, American food aid to India through a series of measures to promote India to achieve self-help, to achieve liberalization reform. Use grain as a lever to some extent. The fourth chapter is a summary of the food aid policy of the United States to India in the 1960's. As an important tool of American foreign policy, grain has limited effect; American food aid policy to India combines the wishes of the White House, Congress, volunteer agencies, international organizations and the president, is the result of power game.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.54

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