幕末日本近代化的先声—萨摩藩集成馆事业（1851-1871）

发布时间：2018-11-21 17:50

【摘要】：19世纪中叶,英法等西欧列强入侵东亚。在鸦片战争中中国完败于英国,被迫签订不平等条约,此后中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建国家。同处东亚地区的日本震惊于中国在鸦片战争中战败一事,深感殖民危机正一步步迫近；加之外国商船不断来航要求通商,使日本更为紧张。这一时期德川幕府的统治危机逐渐加深,内忧外患之下如何选择发展道路成为一个重要的问题。日本的部分有识大名认识到利用西方科学技术增强国力的重要性,并逐步付诸实践,这便是日本近代化的渊源。其中最竭尽全力的当属萨摩藩的集成馆事业。集成馆事业是在第11代藩主岛津齐彬的主导下发展起来的。集成馆事业与同时期佐贺藩、水户藩等发展的近代化事业所不同的是：不仅发展了冶铁、大炮铸造等军工产业而且扩及到制药、纺织、通信、教育等方面。集成馆事业的发展在岛津齐彬去世后曾一度停滞,萨英战争之后得以复兴并开设了开成所及鹿儿岛纺织所,在引进英国技术人员的同时向英国派遣留学生。集成馆事业中所孕育的技术和人才为日本的产业化做出了一定的贡献,可以说集成馆事业是日本近代化的先导。
[Abstract]:In the mid-19th century, Western European powers such as Britain and France invaded East Asia. After the Opium War, when China was defeated by Britain and forced to sign unequal treaties, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. Japan in East Asia was shocked by China's defeat in the Opium War and felt that the colonial crisis was approaching step by step, and that foreign merchant ships were constantly coming to sea and demanding trade, which made Japan more nervous. During this period, the ruling crisis of Tokugawa shogunate gradually deepened, and how to choose the way of development under internal and external troubles became an important issue. Part of Japan recognized the importance of using western science and technology to enhance national strength, and gradually put it into practice, which is the origin of Japan's modernization. One of the most strenuous is Samofan's integrated library business. The integrated library was developed under the leadership of the 11 th generation main island, Tsukibun. Different from the modern development of Saga and Shuidufan in the same period, the integrated library not only developed the military industry such as smelting iron and artillery casting, but also expanded to the fields of pharmacy, textile, communication, education and so on. The development of the Integrated Pavilion stopped at one time after the death of Shimazu Bin, and it was revived after the Saxon War. It opened the Kagoshima Textile Institute and sent overseas students to Britain while introducing British technicians. The technology and talents in the integrated library have contributed to the industrialization of Japan. It can be said that the integrated library is the forerunner of the modernization of Japan.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K313.36

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