论艾登当政时期的内外困局
发布时间：2018-11-24 15:11
【摘要】： 安东尼·艾登(1897—1977)在第二次世界大战之前,即以反绥靖主义闻名英伦。二战期间,他加入丘吉尔的战时内阁,为战胜德、意、日等法西斯国家做出了颇大贡献。二战后的丘吉尔政府里,他作为保守党第二号人物,以外交大臣的身份奔走于世界各地,为维护西方集团的团结,缓解东、西方的对抗而积极斡旋。正是通过他的努力,五十年代初两大集团的紧张关系才有所缓解。丘吉尔退休后,艾登继任英国首相,领导内阁。严峻的政治、经济、军事和外交问题令其穷于应付,身心疲惫。其间,国内政局动荡不宁,频繁的罢工削弱了英国经济的元气,而艾登政府对此反应迟钝,导致局势继续恶化。在欧洲英国错过了西欧一体化进程,使之长期游离于欧共体的大门之外。在苏伊士危机中,英国纠集法国、以色列入侵埃及,未得到预期结果,反而声威受损。英美的“特殊关系”也因此事件出现裂痕。非殖民化运动的开展在其任期内继续推进,尽管艾登仍梦想恢复大英帝国的光荣过去,但一个分崩离析的帝国却成为一个不争的事实。 本文试图从政治、经济、外交三方面对艾登政府面临的困难局势作较为详尽的论述。全文共四个部分:第一部分介绍国内政治困境,包括工党的恢复和反击、压力集团和公众舆论的作用、保守党内的分化、国内工人运动的高涨。第二部分介绍国内经济困境,主要论述艾登时期英国经济的持续恶化及其影响。第三、四部分是文章重心。第三部分讲述英帝国在艾登时期的继续衰落,这部分又分三个方面。包括国际社会对非殖民化的推动、苏丹以及和塞浦路斯的独立运动过程。第四部分论述对外关系,主要讲英国对待西欧一体化的态度、苏伊士运河危机、英美的“特殊关系”。最后是结语,主要对艾登政府在英国历史中的地位作简要的评价。
[Abstract]:Anthony Eden (1897-1977) was known in England as an anti-appeasement before World War II. During World War II, he joined Churchill's wartime cabinet and made great contributions to the victory over Germany, Italy, Japan and other fascist countries. In Churchill's post-World War II government, he traveled the world as Tory No. 2 as Foreign Secretary, actively mediating the unity of Western blocs and easing confrontation between the East and the West. It was through his efforts that tensions between the two groups eased in the early 1950s. After Churchill retired, Aiden took over as British prime minister and led the cabinet. The severe political, economic, military and diplomatic problems left him exhausted. In the meantime, unrest at home and frequent strikes have weakened the British economy, and Aiden's government has been slow to respond, causing the situation to continue to deteriorate. In Europe, Britain missed the process of Western European integration, leaving it outside the door of the European Community for a long time. In the Suez crisis, Britain gathered France and Israel invaded Egypt without achieving the desired results. British and American "special relationship" also because of this incident appear rift. The decolonisation movement continued during its term of office, and although Aiden still dreamed of restoring the glorious past of the British Empire, it was an indisputable fact that a disintegrated empire. This paper attempts to elaborate on the difficult situation faced by Aiden government from three aspects of politics, economy and diplomacy. There are four parts: the first part introduces the domestic political dilemma, including the recovery and counterattack of the Labor Party, the role of pressure groups and public opinion, the division within the Conservative Party, and the upsurge of the domestic labor movement. The second part introduces the domestic economic difficulties, mainly discusses the continued deterioration of the British economy during the Aiden period and its impact. The third and fourth parts are the focus of the article. The third part describes the continued decline of the British Empire in the Aiden period, which is divided into three aspects. This includes the international push for decolonization, the independence movement in Sudan and Cyprus. The fourth part discusses the foreign relations, mainly on the British attitude towards Western European integration, the Suez Canal crisis, and the "special relationship" between the United States and the United States. The last part is the conclusion, mainly about the status of Aiden government in British history.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.45
本文编号：2354193
[Abstract]:Anthony Eden (1897-1977) was known in England as an anti-appeasement before World War II. During World War II, he joined Churchill's wartime cabinet and made great contributions to the victory over Germany, Italy, Japan and other fascist countries. In Churchill's post-World War II government, he traveled the world as Tory No. 2 as Foreign Secretary, actively mediating the unity of Western blocs and easing confrontation between the East and the West. It was through his efforts that tensions between the two groups eased in the early 1950s. After Churchill retired, Aiden took over as British prime minister and led the cabinet. The severe political, economic, military and diplomatic problems left him exhausted. In the meantime, unrest at home and frequent strikes have weakened the British economy, and Aiden's government has been slow to respond, causing the situation to continue to deteriorate. In Europe, Britain missed the process of Western European integration, leaving it outside the door of the European Community for a long time. In the Suez crisis, Britain gathered France and Israel invaded Egypt without achieving the desired results. British and American "special relationship" also because of this incident appear rift. The decolonisation movement continued during its term of office, and although Aiden still dreamed of restoring the glorious past of the British Empire, it was an indisputable fact that a disintegrated empire. This paper attempts to elaborate on the difficult situation faced by Aiden government from three aspects of politics, economy and diplomacy. There are four parts: the first part introduces the domestic political dilemma, including the recovery and counterattack of the Labor Party, the role of pressure groups and public opinion, the division within the Conservative Party, and the upsurge of the domestic labor movement. The second part introduces the domestic economic difficulties, mainly discusses the continued deterioration of the British economy during the Aiden period and its impact. The third and fourth parts are the focus of the article. The third part describes the continued decline of the British Empire in the Aiden period, which is divided into three aspects. This includes the international push for decolonization, the independence movement in Sudan and Cyprus. The fourth part discusses the foreign relations, mainly on the British attitude towards Western European integration, the Suez Canal crisis, and the "special relationship" between the United States and the United States. The last part is the conclusion, mainly about the status of Aiden government in British history.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.45
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 尚旭光;1952-1956年英国对埃及政策及实践[D];河北师范大学;2010年
，本文编号：2354193
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