11-13世纪英国犹太社团研究
发布时间：2018-12-15 23:53
【摘要】：自从第二圣殿被毁之后,犹太人开始散居于世界各地。1066年,追随着诺曼征服,犹太人开始移居到英国,并逐渐在英国各地开展贸易,建立社团。 早期移居英国的犹太商人凭借对王室的财税贡献而赢得王室的宽容与保护。国王授予犹太人基本的生存权,犹太社团得以不断扩张,但同时王室也通过建立档案柜与财政署体系剥削犹太人;基督教会对犹太人早期的态度比较宽容,随着罗马天主教皇势力的扩张,教皇颁布一系列反犹政策,英国教会也逐渐对犹太人加以限制和迫害;不同的信仰和生活方式导致了犹太人与英国普通民众之间的隔膜,随着教会的反犹宣传逐渐渗透到普通民众之间,最终导致反犹情绪在普通民众之间蔓延。 由于王室的不断剥削,犹太人对王室财政支持能力逐步下降;犹太人所从事的放贷业造成的土地流转现象逐渐引起王室忧患;爱德华一世试图通过改宗所改造犹太人,由于犹太人坚定的传统信仰使其政策最终失败;而频繁出现的血祭诽谤使普通民众的反犹情绪日益高涨,这一切最终导致爱德华一世在1290年全面驱逐犹太人。11-13世纪英国犹太社团的遭遇成了欧洲中世纪时期犹太人命运的一个缩影。
[Abstract]:After the destruction of the second Temple, the Jews began to live around the world. In 1066, following the Norman Conquest, the Jews began to emigrate to England, and gradually began trading and establishing societies throughout England. The early Jewish merchants who emigrated to England won the royal family's tolerance and protection for their tax contribution to the royal family. The king granted Jews the basic right to survive, and the Jewish community was able to expand continuously, but the royal family also exploited the Jews through the establishment of archives cabinet and treasury system. The early attitude of the Christian Church towards Jews was more tolerant. With the expansion of Roman Catholic power, the Pope promulgated a series of anti-Semitic policies, and the British Church gradually restricted and persecuted Jews. Different beliefs and ways of life led to the separation between Jews and the ordinary people in England. With the anti-Semitic propaganda of the church gradually penetrated into the ordinary people, and eventually led to the spread of anti-Semitic sentiment among the ordinary people. Because of the exploitation of the royal family, the ability of the Jews to support the royal family has gradually declined, and the phenomenon of land circulation caused by the loan industry caused by the Jews has gradually caused the anxiety of the royal family. Edward I tried to transform the Jews through conversion, and his policy failed because of the Jews' firm traditional beliefs. And the frequent occurrence of slander of blood sacrifices has led to the rising anti-Semitic sentiment among the general public. All this eventually led to Edward I's total expulsion of Jews in 1290. The experience of the English Jewish community in the 11-13 th century epitomized the fate of Jews during the Middle Ages in Europe.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561
本文编号：2381494
[Abstract]:After the destruction of the second Temple, the Jews began to live around the world. In 1066, following the Norman Conquest, the Jews began to emigrate to England, and gradually began trading and establishing societies throughout England. The early Jewish merchants who emigrated to England won the royal family's tolerance and protection for their tax contribution to the royal family. The king granted Jews the basic right to survive, and the Jewish community was able to expand continuously, but the royal family also exploited the Jews through the establishment of archives cabinet and treasury system. The early attitude of the Christian Church towards Jews was more tolerant. With the expansion of Roman Catholic power, the Pope promulgated a series of anti-Semitic policies, and the British Church gradually restricted and persecuted Jews. Different beliefs and ways of life led to the separation between Jews and the ordinary people in England. With the anti-Semitic propaganda of the church gradually penetrated into the ordinary people, and eventually led to the spread of anti-Semitic sentiment among the ordinary people. Because of the exploitation of the royal family, the ability of the Jews to support the royal family has gradually declined, and the phenomenon of land circulation caused by the loan industry caused by the Jews has gradually caused the anxiety of the royal family. Edward I tried to transform the Jews through conversion, and his policy failed because of the Jews' firm traditional beliefs. And the frequent occurrence of slander of blood sacrifices has led to the rising anti-Semitic sentiment among the general public. All this eventually led to Edward I's total expulsion of Jews in 1290. The experience of the English Jewish community in the 11-13 th century epitomized the fate of Jews during the Middle Ages in Europe.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561
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