冷战初期美国对西欧的心理战略行动——以美国对西欧的心理战略计划为视角的考察

发布时间：2018-12-16 04:40

【摘要】：20世纪50年代初期,美国开始将心理战作为遏制所谓共产主义扩张的战略之一。在东西方对抗的背景下,西欧由于在地缘、意识形态、政治、经济和安全利益等方面与美国的密切关系,被美国杜鲁门和艾森豪威尔两届政府视为核心利益地带。但是,战后西欧经济的崩溃以及共产党力量的迅猛发展使得共产党在西欧上台执政的可能性大增。为了确立和维护西欧各国政府的亲美反共倾向,扶持西德,巩固大西洋联盟,最终将西欧纳入以美国为首的西方阵营,杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府先后制订了一系列针对西欧的心理战略计划。通过实施这些计划,美国成功地削弱了西欧的共产党力量,消除了西欧民众的反美情况,实现了稳定西欧、巩固西方阵营、维护美国战略利益的战略目标,从此西欧在国际重大事务上紧紧追随美国。
[Abstract]:In the early 1950s, the United States began to use psychological warfare as one of the strategies to contain the expansion of communism. Against the background of East-West confrontation, Western Europe was regarded as the core interest zone by the Truman and Eisenhower administrations because of its close relationship with the United States in geographical, ideological, political, economic and security interests. However, the collapse of the western European economy and the rapid development of the Communist Party made it possible for the Communist Party to take power in Western Europe. In order to establish and maintain the pro-American anti-Communist tendencies of Western European governments, support West Germany, consolidate the Atlantic Alliance, and eventually bring Western Europe into the Western camp led by the United States, Truman Administration and Eisenhower Administration have formulated a series of psychological strategic plans for Western Europe. Through the implementation of these plans, the United States has successfully weakened the Communist Party in Western Europe, eliminated the anti-American situation of the people in Western Europe, and achieved the strategic goal of stabilizing Western Europe, consolidating the Western camp, and safeguarding the strategic interests of the United States. Since then, Western Europe has closely followed the United States in major international affairs.
【作者单位】：长安大学外国语学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“冷战期间美国对外隐蔽行动战略研究”(04BSS011)
【分类号】：K153

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