试论法国高等法院福隆德运动

发布时间：2018-12-16 10:22

【摘要】：高等法院福隆德运动是以巴黎高等法院为代表的司法系统,对王室政府的反抗事件。这场运动从1648年5月圣路易院集会开始,直至1649年4月《吕埃尔合约》的签订结束,其间巴黎事件也引起了地方高等法院的反抗。运动爆发的根源在于绝对君主制发展初期,王权对司法贵族的权益侵蚀,就这一层面而言,司法系统的斗争仍然维系在君主制框架下,其追求的目标是捍卫传统职能和固有利益。此外,官员个人的政治立场选择,则受到现实利益、政治理念、及附庸关系等因素的影响,这些因素相互作用在每位司法人员身上,使得司法系统内部难以达成连贯一致的立场;同时司法辖区的阻隔也影响到系统的统一反抗。因此,福隆德运动中的高等法院,在对抗王权侵蚀、努力维系传统角色的整体目标和原则下,司法权贵的政治抉择却不尽相同。本文具体分析法国高等法院福隆德运动爆发的背景和过程,着重探讨司法机构的斗争目标和官员的政治抉择,以此窥见十七世纪的司法理念及政治文化:一方面法官们的斗争目标在于维护其传统权益,反抗始终维系在君主制框架下,从未逾越君主原则;另一方面,司法系统在高等法院福隆德期间,远未达成整体上对王权侵蚀的一致对抗。本文第一章分析高等法院福隆德运动的背景,介绍司法系统的诞生及其在沿革过程中发展起来的角色和职能,至十七世纪中期,司法机构的这些传统权益遭到王室政府的不断侵蚀,从而导致运动的爆发。第二章具体分析巴黎反抗事件和地方高等法院福隆德运动的过程,探讨法院的斗争目标及其所捍卫的原则,这构成各法院的整体立场。第三章考量司法系统的联合问题,首先分析官员个人的立场抉择及动因,其次探讨各机构的互动,可以看出司法系统远不是一个稳定牢固的反抗势力,高等法院福隆德运动本身具有灵活多变的特性。因此,高等法院福隆德运动无论从其斗争目标还是反抗力量来看,都不构成对君主原则的否定和威胁,从而为路易十四亲政后不断加强王权创造了条件,成为建立绝对君主制必不可少的助力。
[Abstract]:The Fronde Movement of the High Court, represented by the High Court of Paris, revolted against the royal government. The movement began in May 1648 at the St. Louis House rally and ended in April 1649 with the signing of the Reuel contract, during which the events in Paris provoked resistance from the High Court of Justice. The root of the outbreak of the movement lies in the initial development of absolute monarchy and Wang Quan's erosion of the rights and interests of the judicial aristocrats. In this aspect, the struggle of the judicial system is still maintained under the framework of the monarchy. Its goal is to defend traditional functions and inherent interests. In addition, the individual political position of the official is influenced by such factors as realistic interests, political ideas, and vassal relations, which interact with each other in the judiciary. (B) making it difficult to reach coherent positions within the justice system; At the same time, the obstruction of judicial jurisdiction also affects the unified resistance of the system. Therefore, under the overall goal and principle of fighting against Wang Quan's erosion and striving to maintain the traditional role, the High Court of Justice in the Fronde Movement has different political choices. This paper analyzes the background and process of the Fronde Movement in the French High Court of Justice, and focuses on the objectives of the struggle of the judiciary and the political choices of the officials. On the one hand, the aim of the judges' struggle is to safeguard their traditional rights and interests, and the resistance has always been maintained under the framework of the monarchy, never exceeding the principle of monarchy; The judicial system, on the other hand, was far from an overall confrontation against Wang Quan's erosion during the High Court of Justice. The first chapter of this paper analyzes the background of the Fronde Movement of the High Court, and introduces the birth of the judicial system and its role and functions developed in the process of evolution, until the middle of the 17th century. These traditional rights of the judiciary were constantly eroded by the royal government, leading to the eruption of the movement. In the second chapter, the author analyzes the Paris revolt and the process of the Fronde movement of the local high court, and probes into the aim of the court and the principles it upholds, which constitute the whole stand of the court. The third chapter considers the joint issue of the judicial system. First of all, it analyzes the individual position choices and motives of the officials, and then discusses the interaction of various institutions. It can be seen that the judicial system is far from a stable and solid resistance force. The Fronde Movement of the High Court itself has the characteristics of flexibility and variety. Therefore, the Fronde Movement of the High Court did not constitute a negation or a threat to the principle of monarchy from the point of view of its aim of struggle or resistance, thus creating conditions for Wang Quan to be strengthened continuously after Louis XIV's family administration. To become an essential aid for the establishment of an absolute monarchy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K565.3

【参考文献】