杜鲁门政府国家安全政策研究
发布时间：2018-12-16 10:33
【摘要】：本论文以美国国家安全政策文件NSC7号、NSC20系列、NSC68 系列、NSCll4系列、NSCl35系列和NSCl41号为核心，整体上探讨 杜鲁门政府国家安全政策的演变。二战后针对苏联的威胁，杜鲁门政 府最初确立了以NSC20／4．号文件为核心的有限遏制战略，然而随着苏联成功进行第一次核试验和中华人民共和国的成立，杜鲁门政府丌始重新审查国家安全政策并出台了NSC68号文件，国家安全政策军事色 彩急剧加强。朝鲜战争的爆发和中国军队入朝参战进一步推动有限遏 制战略朝向全面遏制战略转化，然而由于美国及其盟国准备不足， NSCll4／1号文件建议加倍努力尽可能按照原定时间完成各项计划。随 着对外军事援助的加强和承担义务的扩大，杜鲁门政府全面遏制战略 也不可避免地带来一些问题困扰着美国及其盟国，促使它们进行调整。 NSCl35／1号文件在确认基本安全目标没有变化的前提下，强调继续加 强对苏联的遏制，同时重新审查用于援助各地区的资源总量和分配优 先权问题。杜鲁门政府在临近交权的时候还出台了一份NSCl41号文． 件，但并没有得到新政府的认同，艾森豪威尔政府在上台后不久就另 起炉灶，重新制订了国家安全政策。 全文由绪论、正文和结论三部分组成。 绪论介绍国内外学术界在杜鲁门政府国家安全政策问题上的研究 现状及其本课题的学术价值。 正文分为四章。第一章考证了凯南遏制战略思想的形成以及杜鲁 门政府有限遏制战略的确立和实践。 第二章着重分析了杜鲁门政府从有限遏制战略向全面遏制战略演 变的过程，强调苏联成功进行第一次核试验、中华人民共和国的成立、 朝鲜战争以及中国军队入朝参战等事件对遏制战略转变的影响。此外 本章尤为详细地分析了氢弹研制的决定和NSC68号文件的形成、演变 及其影响。 第三章论述了全面遏制战略的深化。详细分析全面遏制战略的探 WP=4 索以及NSCll4／1号文件形成及其内容，对于苏联意图和能力，尼采与 波伦在发生了分歧;最终导致NSCll4／2号文件。杜鲁门政府通过增加 军费开支，扩大对外援助，建立全球性同盟体系，使全面遏制战略进 一步深化。 第四章论述了全面遏制战略的终结。详细分析随着对外军事援助 的加强和承担义务的扩大，全面遏制战略所带来的困境以及作为调整 的NSCl35系列文件的形成及其演变、NSCl41号文件的内容及其地 位。 结论部分则概括了杜鲁门政府国家安全政策的特点及其历史地 位。
[Abstract]:Based on the National Security Policy documents NSC7, NSC20, NSC68, NSCll4, NSCl35 and NSCl41, this thesis discusses the evolution of Truman's national security policy. In response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union after World War II, the Truman administration initially established a limited containment strategy with the NSC20/4. document as the core. However, with the success of the Soviet Union's first nuclear test and the establishment of the people's Republic of China, Truman government began to review national security policy and issued NSC68 document, national security policy military color sharply strengthened. The outbreak of the Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have further promoted the transformation of the limited repression strategy towards a comprehensive containment strategy. However, due to inadequate preparation by the United States and its allies, NSCll4/ 1 recommends redoubling efforts to complete the projects as far as possible. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of its obligations, Truman government's overall containment strategy inevitably brings some problems to the United States and its allies and urges them to adjust. While recognizing that basic security objectives have not changed, NSCl35/ 1 emphasizes continued strengthening of the Soviet Union's containment, while reexamining the total amount of resources used to assist regions and the allocation of priority and priority rights. The Truman administration also issued a copy of the NSCl41 document near the handover, but it was not accepted by the new administration, and the Eisenhower administration started a new stove shortly after it came to power and reformulated its national security policy. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the current research situation of the national security policy of Truman government at home and abroad and the academic value of this subject. The text is divided into four chapters. Chapter one examines the formation of Kenan's containment strategy and the establishment and practice of Truman's limited containment strategy. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the Truman government's transformation from a limited containment strategy to a comprehensive containment strategy, emphasizing the successful conduct of the first nuclear test by the Soviet Union and the establishment of the people's Republic of China. The Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have had an impact on the containment of the strategic shift. In addition, the decision of hydrogen bomb development and the formation, evolution and influence of NSC68 document are analyzed in detail in this chapter. The third chapter discusses the deepening of the overall containment strategy. This paper analyzes in detail the formation and content of WP=4 cable and NSCll4/ 1 document of comprehensive containment strategy. Nietzsche and Pollen have different views on the Soviet Union's intention and capability, and finally lead to NSCll4/ 2 document. Truman government, by increasing military expenditure, expanding foreign aid and establishing a global alliance system, further deepened the overall containment strategy. The fourth chapter discusses the end of the overall containment strategy. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of obligations, the difficulties brought about by the overall containment strategy, the formation and evolution of NSCl35 series documents as adjustment, and the contents and location of NSCl41 document are analyzed in detail. The conclusion summarizes the characteristics and historical location of Truman government's national security policy.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K712.5
本文编号：2382195
[Abstract]:Based on the National Security Policy documents NSC7, NSC20, NSC68, NSCll4, NSCl35 and NSCl41, this thesis discusses the evolution of Truman's national security policy. In response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union after World War II, the Truman administration initially established a limited containment strategy with the NSC20/4. document as the core. However, with the success of the Soviet Union's first nuclear test and the establishment of the people's Republic of China, Truman government began to review national security policy and issued NSC68 document, national security policy military color sharply strengthened. The outbreak of the Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have further promoted the transformation of the limited repression strategy towards a comprehensive containment strategy. However, due to inadequate preparation by the United States and its allies, NSCll4/ 1 recommends redoubling efforts to complete the projects as far as possible. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of its obligations, Truman government's overall containment strategy inevitably brings some problems to the United States and its allies and urges them to adjust. While recognizing that basic security objectives have not changed, NSCl35/ 1 emphasizes continued strengthening of the Soviet Union's containment, while reexamining the total amount of resources used to assist regions and the allocation of priority and priority rights. The Truman administration also issued a copy of the NSCl41 document near the handover, but it was not accepted by the new administration, and the Eisenhower administration started a new stove shortly after it came to power and reformulated its national security policy. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the current research situation of the national security policy of Truman government at home and abroad and the academic value of this subject. The text is divided into four chapters. Chapter one examines the formation of Kenan's containment strategy and the establishment and practice of Truman's limited containment strategy. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the Truman government's transformation from a limited containment strategy to a comprehensive containment strategy, emphasizing the successful conduct of the first nuclear test by the Soviet Union and the establishment of the people's Republic of China. The Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have had an impact on the containment of the strategic shift. In addition, the decision of hydrogen bomb development and the formation, evolution and influence of NSC68 document are analyzed in detail in this chapter. The third chapter discusses the deepening of the overall containment strategy. This paper analyzes in detail the formation and content of WP=4 cable and NSCll4/ 1 document of comprehensive containment strategy. Nietzsche and Pollen have different views on the Soviet Union's intention and capability, and finally lead to NSCll4/ 2 document. Truman government, by increasing military expenditure, expanding foreign aid and establishing a global alliance system, further deepened the overall containment strategy. The fourth chapter discusses the end of the overall containment strategy. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of obligations, the difficulties brought about by the overall containment strategy, the formation and evolution of NSCl35 series documents as adjustment, and the contents and location of NSCl41 document are analyzed in detail. The conclusion summarizes the characteristics and historical location of Truman government's national security policy.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K712.5
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 纪胜利;美国对芬兰政策研究（1945-1960）[D];东北师范大学;2008年
2 宫旭平;美国空军与美国全球战略研究（1947—1969）[D];东北师范大学;2005年
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 蔡晶晶;美国1947年《国家安全法》研究[D];吉林大学;2009年
2 韩君;美国对菲律宾政策的演变（1946-1960年）[D];暨南大学;2008年
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