俄国军事工业委员会研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 21:02

【摘要】：俄国军事工业委员会存在于1915—1918年,它是由俄国工商界发起成立的战时经济组织,旨在调动各种资源为战争服务。战争初期俄国的弹药紧缺及军事失败是刺激其成立的直接原因。军事工业委员会积极参与战时经济活动,在保障前线和军队需要方面发挥了一定作用。但军事工业委员会还有自己的政治诉求,这些诉求来自委员会的控制者——资产阶级工业家,他们对沙皇专制政权感到不满,希望在俄国进行自由主义改革。作为自由主义反对派控制下的代表社会力量的一个组织,军事工业委员会频频向政府施加压力。而政府受糟糕的后勤状况所迫,不得不承认军事工业委员会的存在及其作用,但政府在政治上对军事工业委员会是持怀疑、厌恶、防范态度的。在它看来,军事工业委员会不能拥有政治倾向,而只能是一个纯粹的、受政府掌控的经济组织。因此,只要战况稍有缓和,政府便开始打压军事工业委员会。而政府越是打压,军事工业委员会就越是要求变革。随着战局和国内政局的变化,军事工业委员会的政治立场越来越激进,成为推动俄国走向革命的重要力量之一,并积极参与了二月革命。
[Abstract]:The Russian military Industrial Council, which existed in 1915 and 1918, was a wartime economic organization initiated by the Russian industrial and commercial circles, aiming to mobilize all kinds of resources to serve the war. The shortage of ammunition and military failure in Russia at the beginning of the war were the direct reasons for its establishment. The military Industry Commission took an active part in wartime economic activities and played a certain role in safeguarding the front line and military needs. But the council has its own political demands, from its controlling bourgeois industrialists, who are unhappy with the czarist autocracy and want liberal reforms in Russia. As an organization controlled by liberal opposition representing social forces, the Council of military Industries frequently exerts pressure on the government. The government, forced by poor logistical conditions, has to acknowledge the existence and role of the military industrial council, but politically it is sceptical, disgusted, and defensive. In its view, the Council of military Industries cannot have a political orientation, but only a pure, government-controlled economic organization. As a result, whenever the war eased slightly, the government began to crack down on the military Industrial Council. And the more the government clamps down, the more the military industrial council demands change. With the changes of the war situation and the domestic political situation, the political position of the military industrial committee became more and more radical, and became one of the important forces to push Russia to revolution, and took an active part in the February revolution.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K512.4

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