吉田松阴对外思想前后期的转变及其原因述析

发布时间：2018-12-21 17:57

【摘要】：吉田松阴(1830-1859),名矩方,号松阴、二十一回猛士等。出身长州藩武士家庭,为幕末重要思想家和志士。曾师从佐久间象山。1853年企图秘密搭乘俄舰出洋考察未果。1854年再度踏海以图登上培理舰队,又未果,自首入狱。次年主持松下村塾,培养了山县有朋、高杉晋作、伊藤博文等维新人才。1859年因“安政大狱”遭处决。吉田松阴的对外思想,既保留了以往思想家那种保守的坚决击退外国来航的主张,又有同外国妥协,进行羁縻政策的思想。这种矛盾在同一个人身上体现,究其原因,首先在于日本所面临的局势在吉田松阴前后期有重大不同,这直接影响了吉田松阴面对不同局势在思想上所做出的不同反应；其次,吉田松阴在其人生的前后期的阅历与所接触的日本思想界人士也迥然相异。这也导致了吉田松阴在不同时期的对外思想有较大差异。在前期,吉田松阴接受了较好的家学熏陶,具有良好的山鹿流兵学的基础,在对外思想上的表现仍然以坚决击退外国来航的主战思想为主,但同时也受到了山田亦介洋学色彩的启蒙,开始对外国有所关注；因此前期吉田松阴的思想虽然有其强硬的一面,但并非完全对西方无知。在后期,吉田松阴经历了多次游历,涉足日本九洲、东北等地,亲见培理等西方舰队来航日本,这对吉田松阴的冲击极大；同时,开始接触佐久间象山等日本思想界名人,并接触了魏源等中国学者的思想,这也对其思想的开阔与成熟起到了作用。可以说,吉田松阴的思想虽然表面上攘夷与开国互为矛盾,但皆有其产生的土壤与孕育的环境。是一种互为融合的关系。本文主要以吉田松阴对外思想为着眼点,关注吉田松阴前后期对外思想之流变,探讨影响其思想变化的诸多原因,以此展现一个较为全面的吉田松阴对外思想的框架。
[Abstract]:Yoshida pine yin (1830-1859), famous moment square, no. Matsuyin, 21 Hui Meng Shi and so on. Born in the family of Changzhou Samurai, he was an important thinker and scholar at the end of the curtain. In 1853, he tried to make a secret expedition aboard a Russian ship. In 1854, he made another attempt to board the Pilgrim Fleet and surrendered to prison. The following year presided over Matsushita Village Shuk, trained Shan County friends, Gao Shanjin, Ito Bo Wen and other reform talent. 1859 for "Anzheng prison" was executed. Yoshida Songyin's thought on foreign affairs not only retains the conservative ideas of thinkers in the past, but also has the idea of compromising with foreign countries and carrying out Jimi policy. This kind of contradiction is embodied in the same person, the reason lies in the fact that the situation faced by Japan is very different in the former and the later period of Yoshida Matsuyin, which directly affects the different reactions made by Yoshida to different situations. Secondly, Yoshida's experience in the first and later stages of his life is quite different from that of the Japanese thinkers. This also led to the Yoshida Songyin in different periods of great differences in external thinking. In the early stage, Yoshida Songyin received better family education, had a good base of mountain deer stream and warfare, and still manifested himself in his foreign thought of firmly repelling the main battle thought of coming to sea from foreign countries. But at the same time also by Yamada Yisuke foreign color enlightenment, began to pay attention to foreign countries; So early Yoshida's ideas, though tough, are not entirely ignorant of the West. In the later period, Yoshida went on many trips, set foot in Kyushu, northeast and other places of Japan, personally saw Pili and other western fleets to sail Japan, which had a great impact on Yoshida Matsuyin; At the same time, he began to contact the famous people in the Japanese ideological circles, such as the Saudyudao Mountain, and the Chinese scholars such as Wei Yuan, which also played a role in the broadening and maturity of his thoughts. It can be said that the ideas of Yoshida pine-yin are contradictory on the surface with the founding of the country, but they all have their soil and breeding environment. Is a kind of fusion relationship. This paper focuses on the external thought of Yoshida Songyin, pays close attention to the evolution of his external thought in the former and later periods, and probes into the reasons that affect the change of his thought, so as to show a more comprehensive frame of his external thought.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K313

【参考文献】