简析江户后半期日本阳明学在幕藩体制瓦解中的作用
发布时间：2019-01-07 16:14
【摘要】： 江户时代在日本历史上具有划时代的意义。在这一历史转折时期,日本确立了集权性质的封建幕藩体制,使封建社会有了充分的发展,从而为实现向资本主义社会的转变奠定了基础。在这一时期,适应当时日本社会的要求,中国儒家思想再次传入日本,与日本的社会现实相结合并大放异彩。日本朱子学作为官学被统治阶级所重视,为封建幕藩体制的建立和发展提供了理论上的支持;阳明学思想则被下级武士和一般庶民所接受,在江户时代中后期商品经济发展,培育了富有实践精神的反体制思想家、实业家;在幕藩体制瓦解的过程中起到了重要的促进作用。 江户时代,资本主义经济开始萌芽并取得了一定的发展。但在“士农工商”这一严格的封建身份等级制度下,资本主义经济的发展始终受到很大的限制。特别是到了江户时代后半期,随着商品经济的发展,封建身份等级制度对经济发展的阻碍越发明显,在这种情况下,日本阳明学重视人性,趋向平等的思想向封建身份制度提出了挑战,为商业的发展提供了理论支撑,冲击了封建的幕藩体制。 日本阳明学对幕藩体制的冲击不仅表现在对政治制度的挑战,还表现在对民众起义和革新运动的支持。江户后半期,封建的幕藩统治开始显现出其弊端,国内起义风起云涌,国外威胁步步紧逼。在这种内忧外患的形势下,阳明学思想中的革命性、实践性等优势突现出来。阳明学为江户后期民众起义提供了理论支持,使其矛头直接指向腐朽的封建幕府统治。而在幕末时期,日本阳明学者根据日本社会状况,以阳明学为理论基础提出了适合日本的革新思想,并将这些思想转化为实际行动,取得了尊王攘夷和倒幕运动的成功,给日本封建幕藩统治以直接而沉重的打击,促进了幕藩体制的土崩瓦解。 本文分四部分探讨了阳明学对幕藩体制瓦解的作用。第一部分简要介绍了阳明学在日本的兴起、发展及特色,考察了阳明学传播到日本之后,被日本学者吸收运用的情况。第二部分以石田梅岩为例分析了阳明学对“士农工商”这一幕藩体制下的封建身份等级制度的冲击。第三部分通过具有深远社会影响力的大盐平八郎及其武装暴动来分析阳明学对幕藩统治的动摇作用。第四部分以幕末维新志士吉田松阴和倒幕先锋西乡隆盛为例阐述了阳明学对幕藩统治的直接打击。
[Abstract]:Edo era has epoch-making significance in Japanese history. In this historical turning period, Japan established the feudal curtain vassal system with the nature of centralization, which made the feudal society fully developed, thus laid the foundation for realizing the transformation to the capitalist society. In this period, adapting to the demands of Japanese society at that time, Chinese Confucianism was introduced into Japan again, and combined with Japanese social reality. As an official school, the Japanese Zhuzi School was attached great importance to by the ruling class, which provided theoretical support for the establishment and development of the feudal curtain vassal system. Yangming thought was accepted by the lower samurai and the common people. In the middle and late Edo period, the commodity economy developed, and the anti-system thinkers and industrialists who were full of practical spirit were cultivated. It played an important role in promoting the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. In the Edo era, capitalist economy began to sprout and made certain development. However, under the strict feudal status hierarchy system, the development of capitalist economy has always been restricted. In particular, in the second half of the Edo era, with the development of the commodity economy, the feudal status hierarchy system hindered the economic development more and more obviously. In this case, the Japanese Yangming School attached importance to human nature. The idea of equality challenged the feudal identity system, provided theoretical support for the development of commerce, and impacted the feudal curtain-vassal system. The impact of Japanese Yangming on the system of curtain-vassal is not only the challenge to the political system, but also the support for the popular uprising and the revolutionary movement. In the second half of Edo, feudal curtain-vassal rule began to show its malpractice. In this situation of internal and external troubles, the revolutionary, practical and other advantages of Yangming's thought emerge. Yangming School provided theoretical support for the popular uprising in the late Edo period and directed its spearhead at the decadent feudal shogunate rule. At the end of the curtain period, Japanese Yangming scholars, according to the Japanese social conditions, put forward innovative ideas suitable for Japan on the theoretical basis of Yangming's study, and transformed these ideas into practical actions, and achieved the success of the movement of respecting the king and the movement of falling curtain. The direct and heavy blow to the Japanese feudal regime promoted the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. This article is divided into four parts to explore the role of Yangming on the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. The first part briefly introduces the rise, development and characteristics of Yangmingism in Japan. The second part takes Shitian Meiyan as an example to analyze the impact of Yangming school on the feudal status hierarchy system under the vassal system of "Shi Nong Industry and Commerce". The third part analyzes the shaking effect of Yangming school on the rule of curtain-vassal by the profound social influence and armed insurrection. The fourth part illustrates the direct impact of Yangming school on curtain-vassal rule with the examples of Yasushi Yoshida Songyin and Xixiang prosperity.
【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K313.36
本文编号：2403863
[Abstract]:Edo era has epoch-making significance in Japanese history. In this historical turning period, Japan established the feudal curtain vassal system with the nature of centralization, which made the feudal society fully developed, thus laid the foundation for realizing the transformation to the capitalist society. In this period, adapting to the demands of Japanese society at that time, Chinese Confucianism was introduced into Japan again, and combined with Japanese social reality. As an official school, the Japanese Zhuzi School was attached great importance to by the ruling class, which provided theoretical support for the establishment and development of the feudal curtain vassal system. Yangming thought was accepted by the lower samurai and the common people. In the middle and late Edo period, the commodity economy developed, and the anti-system thinkers and industrialists who were full of practical spirit were cultivated. It played an important role in promoting the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. In the Edo era, capitalist economy began to sprout and made certain development. However, under the strict feudal status hierarchy system, the development of capitalist economy has always been restricted. In particular, in the second half of the Edo era, with the development of the commodity economy, the feudal status hierarchy system hindered the economic development more and more obviously. In this case, the Japanese Yangming School attached importance to human nature. The idea of equality challenged the feudal identity system, provided theoretical support for the development of commerce, and impacted the feudal curtain-vassal system. The impact of Japanese Yangming on the system of curtain-vassal is not only the challenge to the political system, but also the support for the popular uprising and the revolutionary movement. In the second half of Edo, feudal curtain-vassal rule began to show its malpractice. In this situation of internal and external troubles, the revolutionary, practical and other advantages of Yangming's thought emerge. Yangming School provided theoretical support for the popular uprising in the late Edo period and directed its spearhead at the decadent feudal shogunate rule. At the end of the curtain period, Japanese Yangming scholars, according to the Japanese social conditions, put forward innovative ideas suitable for Japan on the theoretical basis of Yangming's study, and transformed these ideas into practical actions, and achieved the success of the movement of respecting the king and the movement of falling curtain. The direct and heavy blow to the Japanese feudal regime promoted the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. This article is divided into four parts to explore the role of Yangming on the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. The first part briefly introduces the rise, development and characteristics of Yangmingism in Japan. The second part takes Shitian Meiyan as an example to analyze the impact of Yangming school on the feudal status hierarchy system under the vassal system of "Shi Nong Industry and Commerce". The third part analyzes the shaking effect of Yangming school on the rule of curtain-vassal by the profound social influence and armed insurrection. The fourth part illustrates the direct impact of Yangming school on curtain-vassal rule with the examples of Yasushi Yoshida Songyin and Xixiang prosperity.
【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K313.36
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