十八世纪初英国贵族裙带关系初探

发布时间：2019-02-19 18:11

【摘要】：十八世纪初,英国贵族作为不列颠社会发展的引领者,把持和垄断了当时社会政治和经济领域中的诸多权利。此时,英国已开始形成所谓“贵族时代”,以后延续了一个多世纪。贵族裙带关系在贵族维护其统治地位中发挥了非常重要的作用,对英国政治的发展产生了十分重要的影响,并反映了当时英国政党的组织水平。是时英国世俗贵族人数并不多,英格兰的上院的世俗贵族,人数约在160名左右,连同在政治上边缘化了的苏格兰和爱尔兰的世俗贵族,总数也没有超过400人。英国贵族家族是以享有爵位封号者为中心,由其妻子、子女及其他亲属共同组成的,贵族本人是整个家族的核心,是爵位和封地的领有者,拥有高贵的社会地位和权威。和大陆贵族不同,岛国贵族家族中的其他成员,在法律和名义上与平民的社会地位无异,未拥有相应的政治和经济特权。在这种情况下,对在英国社会中居于统治地位的不列颠贵族及其家族来说,裙带关系的建立有着非常重要的意义。贵族通过个人及家族成员等形成的裙带关系,包括:至亲、姻亲、邻居、朋友、师生和同事等,建立起以贵族为核心的宗派。以此为基础,形成政党;贵族宗派之间为谋求共同利益而通力合作,他们控制了国家的立法机关——上院和下院,在中央和地方政府部门,以及军队等机构中也都享有绝对的权威。最终,在英国建立起了以贵族为核心的寡头体制。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the British aristocrats, as the leaders of British social development, held and monopolized many rights in the political and economic fields at that time. At this time, Britain has begun to form the so-called "aristocracy", which lasted for more than a century. The aristocratic nepotism played a very important role in the aristocrats' maintenance of their dominant position and had a very important influence on the development of British politics and reflected the organizational level of the British political parties at that time. The number of secular aristocrats in England was very small, and the number of secular nobles in the upper house of England was about 160, and the number of secular nobles in politically marginalized Scotland and Ireland was no more than 400. The British aristocratic family is composed of his wife, children and other relatives. The aristocrat is the core of the whole family, the owner of the title and the fiefdom, and has the noble social status and authority. Unlike the mainland aristocrats, the other members of the island aristocratic family were legally and nominally no different from the common people in their social status and did not have the corresponding political and economic privileges. In this case, the establishment of nepotism is of great significance to the British aristocrats and their families. Aristocrats form nepotism through individuals and family members, including: close relatives, in-laws, neighbors, friends, teachers and students, colleagues and so on, to establish the aristocrat as the core of the sect. On this basis, the formation of political parties; The aristocrats cooperated in the common good. They controlled the legislature of the country-the upper house and the lower house. They also enjoyed absolute authority in the central and local government departments, as well as in the military and other institutions. In the end, an oligarchic system with nobility at its core was established in England.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.4

【共引文献】