乌拉圭巴特列-奥多涅斯的改革及其原因探析

发布时间：2019-04-10 10:13

【摘要】：20世纪初乌拉圭在巴特列-奥多涅斯总统的领导下进行了一场领先于整个拉美地区的改革,改革涉及经济、社会、政治等多个方面,体现了经济民族主义、社会福利和政治民主的原则。改革调整了市场、社会与国家之间的关系,奠定了乌拉圭现代国家的基础,使乌拉圭成为拉美的模范国家。乌拉圭之所以能够率先进行这样一场改革,是由于乌拉圭的历史特性与巴特列总统个人作用的结合,前者包括乌拉圭弱势的殖民地遗产、民众对两党长期争斗导致的政治暴力的厌倦、19世纪70年代之后国际经济体系的形成对乌拉圭政治稳定的要求,乌拉圭早期工业化和城市化的发展带来的新阶级的成长和工人运动的开展等。后者包括巴特列特殊的经历、成熟的思想和超凡的领导能力。是客观因素与主观因素的有效结合导致乌拉圭率先发生了这场较为成功的改革。
[Abstract]:In the early 20th century, Uruguay, under the leadership of President Batlle Ordonez, carried out a reform leading the entire Latin American region, involving economic, social, political and other aspects, reflecting economic nationalism. The principles of social welfare and political democracy. The reform readjusted the relationship between the market, society and the state, laid the foundation of Uruguay's modern state, and made Uruguay a model country of Latin America. Uruguay was able to take the lead in such a reform because of the combination of Uruguay's historical identity and the personal role of President Batlle, which includes Uruguay's vulnerable colonial heritage, The people are tired of the political violence caused by the long struggle between the two parties, and the formation of the international economic system after the 1970s demands the political stability of Uruguay. Uruguay's early industrialization and urbanization brought about the growth of the new class and the development of the labor movement. The latter includes Batlle's special experience, mature thinking and extraordinary leadership. It was the effective combination of objective and subjective factors that led Uruguay to take the lead in this more successful reform.
【作者单位】：南开大学世界近现代史研究中心;南开大学拉丁美洲研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题“拉丁美洲的民族主义与现代化”(JJD770012)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K782

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