战后英国共识政治研究（1945年—80年代）
发布时间：2019-04-13 14:25
【摘要】： 第二次世界大战后，英国两大政党--保守党和工党在一系列重大国内外政策上的 共识，即所谓“共识政治”是战后英国政治的一个显著特点，体现了战后英国政治发展的 新趋势。目前，不论国外还是国内学者对共识政治的研究都还不够深入。本文的目的是想 通过分析工党和保守党政府战后在重大国事上的趋同与合作，说明战后英国政党政治发展 的基本态势。研究这一问题对于把握当代英国政治，尤其是战后西方发达资本主义国家政 治发展的新趋势，具有重要的现实意义。 本文主要研究战后英国（1945年-80年代）两党共识的具体表现及其产生的原因。第 一章“共识政治研究综述”，着重介绍国内外学术界、特别是英国学术界近几年对共识政治 研究的动态、研究成果及其存在的问题。第二章主要追溯共识政治产生的历史渊源以及二 战对共识政治的推动作用。战后保守党政策革新和理论调整导致共识政治的形成。第三至 第五章集中考察战后两党共识的具体史实。国有化问题是战后两党经济政策共识的一个重 要领域，除了在钢铁工业部门国有化有分歧外，国有化政策的连续性是战后时期最显著的 特征。社会政策方面的共识包括福利国家、充分就业和对工会政策问题。福利国家政策是 两党共识最为稳固的内容。为了赢得选民的支持并达到上台执政的目的，两党都没有对福 利政策进行重大的修改。艾德礼政府时期奠定的福利国家的框架在战后基本没有大的变动。 充分就业政策是战后到70年代两党一直追求的目标。战后一段时期内曾经实现了充分就业 目标。在撒切尔夫人上台执政前，两党在充分就业问题上始终是有共识的。两党在对待工 会问题上达成以下三方面的共识；制订全国性的收入政策、允许工会参与政府制订宏观经 济政策和运用法律规范工会的行为。对外政策方面主要考察两党在英美关系、英苏关系、 英帝国、对欧洲联合的政策和核威慑政策方面的共识。第六章主要叙述保守党“撒切尔革 命”对战后共识政治的冲击和工党的革新政策。80、90年代工党向保守党靠拢导致新的共 识政治又在形成之中。本文的重点和难点主要集中在第七章。笔者运用马克思历史唯物主 义的基本原理，，对战后英国社会经济和政治的基本趋势做了考察，分析了战后共识政治产 生的原因。第三次科技革命的兴起使国家经济生活和政治生活发生重大变化，社会经济结 构的变化又引起社会阶级结构发生深刻变化， 中产阶级迅速崛起。中产阶级的崛起使英国 各大政党阶级属性发生微妙变化，导致各党基本成员和核心领导集团阶级属性的趋同和接 近，最终导致轮流上台执政的两党阶级属性的趋同。这是战后共识政治产生的最根本的原 因。同时，议会政治的发展和两党制度的运行，又决定着执政党在制订和实施政策时，必 须正视社会经济结构变化的现实，在不同程度上兼顾社会多数选民的利益。它们必须为争 取和维持执政党地位而及时地调整自身政策。这一因素构成了“共识政治”产生的社会政 治原因。凯恩斯主义和第二次世界大战则为战后共识政治的产生提供了理论基础和直接的 推动力。战后西欧社会民主党广泛执政则是共识政治产生的不可或缺的国际条件。 本文虽然只考察1945到80年代的共识政治，但政治共识在英国早已有之，并且至今 没有结束。共识政治也不只是英国一国现象，而是当代发达资本上义国家发展具有共性的 东西，是西方国家政治生活中广泛存在的现象和两党政治发展的一种新趋势，只不过在英 国表现得最为典型。战后英国乃至西方国家执政的主要政党，在政治经济政策上的趋同有 利于资产阶级两党制的持续和发展，是战后西方社会经济发展、政治稳定的重要基础。因 此，研究战后英国共识政治对于了解当代发达资本主义国家的发展趋势具有很重大的现实 意义。
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, the two major British political parties, the Tories and the Labour Party, were in a series of major domestic and foreign policies Consensus, the so-called "consensus politics", is a prominent feature of post-war British politics after the war New trends in the political development of the country. It's a domestic scholar's opinion. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. the party's government was after the war The convergence and co-operation of major national affairs in the post-war political and political development of the post-war The basic situation of the study. On the New Trend of the Development of the Western Developed Capitalist State in the Western Developed Countries after the Second World War; , It is of great practical significance to study the concrete performance of the bipartisan consensus in the post-war England (1945-1980s) and its causes. mary of Consensus and Political Research", highlighting both domestic and foreign studies In recent years, the political community, in particular the British academic community, has a strong interest in the consensus politics The Dynamic, Research and Existing Problems of the Research The second chapter mainly traces the historical origin of the consensus politics. The post-war Tory policy innovation and the theoretical adjustment to reach a consensus The formation of politics. The third to the fifth chapter focus on the post-war two the concrete history of the party's consensus Real. The issue of nationalization is the post-war bipartisan A major area of economic policy consensus, in addition to the iron and steel industrial sector is nationalized In addition, the continuity of the nationalization policy is the most significant in the post-war period Features. The consensus on social policy, including well-being, is adequate Industry and trade union policy issues. Welfare State policy Yes The two-party consensus is the most solid content. In order to win voters' support and to come to power in power For the purpose of this, both parties have not made major changes to the Fuli policy. The framework of the welfare state laid down in the post-war period There's a big change. The full employment policy is The goal of the two parties after the post-war to the 70 's. In the post-war period has achieved full employment The two parties have a consensus on full employment before Mrs. Thatcher came to power. The two parties were right to-be-work (a) A consensus on the following three aspects of the meeting; to develop a national income policy, The trade union is involved in the government's development of macro-economic policies and the application of laws to regulate the conduct of trade unions. external policy aspects The main purpose of this study is to study the relationship between the two parties in the Anglo-American relationship, the relationship between the British and the Soviet Union, the British A consensus on the policy of joint policy and nuclear deterrence. Chapter VI mainly describes the Tories. Cherge "The impact of the post-war consensus politics and the Labour's innovation policies." The Labour Party moved to the Tories in the 1990s. Resulting in the formation of new common politics. The focus and difficulties of this paper are mainly in the first part. Chapter 7 The author uses the basic principle of the main meaning of Marx's history, and the post-war British society The basic trend of economy and politics has been investigated, and the post-war consensus political production is analyzed. the cause of the birth The rise of the third scientific and technological revolution led to the economic and social life of the country The change of the social and economic structure causes a profound change in the structure of the social class. middle and middle production The rapid rise of the class. The rise of the middle class has led to the class attributes of the major political parties in the United Kingdom subtly The change, which leads to the convergence and joint of class attributes of the basic members and the core leaders of the Party The final result in the convergence of the two-party class attributes that take turns to power, which is the result of the post-war consensus. the most fundamental of the original At the same time, the development of the parliamentary politics and the operation of the bipartisan system have also decided The ruling party must face the reality of the change of the social and economic structure in the formulation and implementation of the policy in a different degree, The interests of the majority of the population. They must be contested and maintained. The status of the ruling party can adjust its own policies in a timely manner. p The reason for the social administration of "". Keynesianism and second
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K561.5
本文编号：2457652
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, the two major British political parties, the Tories and the Labour Party, were in a series of major domestic and foreign policies Consensus, the so-called "consensus politics", is a prominent feature of post-war British politics after the war New trends in the political development of the country. It's a domestic scholar's opinion. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. the party's government was after the war The convergence and co-operation of major national affairs in the post-war political and political development of the post-war The basic situation of the study. On the New Trend of the Development of the Western Developed Capitalist State in the Western Developed Countries after the Second World War; , It is of great practical significance to study the concrete performance of the bipartisan consensus in the post-war England (1945-1980s) and its causes. mary of Consensus and Political Research", highlighting both domestic and foreign studies In recent years, the political community, in particular the British academic community, has a strong interest in the consensus politics The Dynamic, Research and Existing Problems of the Research The second chapter mainly traces the historical origin of the consensus politics. The post-war Tory policy innovation and the theoretical adjustment to reach a consensus The formation of politics. The third to the fifth chapter focus on the post-war two the concrete history of the party's consensus Real. The issue of nationalization is the post-war bipartisan A major area of economic policy consensus, in addition to the iron and steel industrial sector is nationalized In addition, the continuity of the nationalization policy is the most significant in the post-war period Features. The consensus on social policy, including well-being, is adequate Industry and trade union policy issues. Welfare State policy Yes The two-party consensus is the most solid content. In order to win voters' support and to come to power in power For the purpose of this, both parties have not made major changes to the Fuli policy. The framework of the welfare state laid down in the post-war period There's a big change. The full employment policy is The goal of the two parties after the post-war to the 70 's. In the post-war period has achieved full employment The two parties have a consensus on full employment before Mrs. Thatcher came to power. The two parties were right to-be-work (a) A consensus on the following three aspects of the meeting; to develop a national income policy, The trade union is involved in the government's development of macro-economic policies and the application of laws to regulate the conduct of trade unions. external policy aspects The main purpose of this study is to study the relationship between the two parties in the Anglo-American relationship, the relationship between the British and the Soviet Union, the British A consensus on the policy of joint policy and nuclear deterrence. Chapter VI mainly describes the Tories. Cherge "The impact of the post-war consensus politics and the Labour's innovation policies." The Labour Party moved to the Tories in the 1990s. Resulting in the formation of new common politics. The focus and difficulties of this paper are mainly in the first part. Chapter 7 The author uses the basic principle of the main meaning of Marx's history, and the post-war British society The basic trend of economy and politics has been investigated, and the post-war consensus political production is analyzed. the cause of the birth The rise of the third scientific and technological revolution led to the economic and social life of the country The change of the social and economic structure causes a profound change in the structure of the social class. middle and middle production The rapid rise of the class. The rise of the middle class has led to the class attributes of the major political parties in the United Kingdom subtly The change, which leads to the convergence and joint of class attributes of the basic members and the core leaders of the Party The final result in the convergence of the two-party class attributes that take turns to power, which is the result of the post-war consensus. the most fundamental of the original At the same time, the development of the parliamentary politics and the operation of the bipartisan system have also decided The ruling party must face the reality of the change of the social and economic structure in the formulation and implementation of the policy in a different degree, The interests of the majority of the population. They must be contested and maintained. The status of the ruling party can adjust its own policies in a timely manner. p The reason for the social administration of "". Keynesianism and second
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K561.5
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 赵建民;英国希思政府经济政策U型转弯研究[D];山东师范大学;2008年
2 贾丽丽;英国艾德礼工党政府就业政策研究[D];山东师范大学;2013年
3 相岚;保守党政府执政时期（1979-1997）英国教师政策研究[D];华东师范大学;2013年
本文编号：2457652
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