罗马共和时期的宗教与政治
发布时间：2019-06-05 10:18
【摘要】：罗马的传统多神教信仰有着十分悠久的历史源头,在拉丁民族的宗教的基础上,还吸收了意大利其他民族(如伊达拉里亚人)的宗教和古希腊的宗教,在罗马共和时期形成了完整的多神崇拜体系,拥有专属的神职人员和相应的宗教活动。罗马共和时期的宗教包括公共生活的宗教与私人家庭生活的宗教。其中,主要的公共的宗教活动包括宗教节日庆典,对众神的供奉和祈愿以及占卜和神谕活动。宗教庆典是罗马最重要的公共活动,对众神的供奉关系到人们对国家的信心,主持这类宗教庆典和对神的祭典是国家官员重要职责,而任何国家重大事务都需要进行占卜或是询问神谕,否则就不具备合法性。由此可见,在共和时期,宗教并不只是和每个人私下的精神生活有关,同时也和国家政治生活有着十分紧密的联系。因此元老院和罗马的贵族统治阶级都十分重视宗教,他们始终控制着宗教权力,并且坚决捍卫宗教的正统地位。这使得从第二次布匿战争之后,罗马的政治和社会发生了深刻的变革,这些都影响到了宗教。神职人员和官员逐渐腐败,并且怠慢其宗教职责;外来文化和宗教对罗马产生了深远影响,而贵族统治阶级过分坚持宗教的传统仪式导致罗马宗教逐渐僵化,这些因素的不断发展导致在在共和晚期罗马宗教出现了严重的信仰危机。而与此同时,罗马社会的尖锐矛盾导致了不断的内部冲突,政治斗争的双方都利用宗教作为武器,这也影响了人们对宗教的虔诚。而产生了信仰危机的宗教也难以维持政治的稳定,反而成为共和晚期政局混乱的原因之一。由此我们可以看出,罗马共和时期的共和政治和罗马宗教形成了相互依存的关系。一方面,宗教为共和政府提供合法性,并且维护着政治秩序的稳定,而同时,因为宗教的重要性,以元老院和贵族统治阶级也努力捍卫罗马宗教的统治地位。但是在共和晚期,由于宗教出现信仰危机,难以为为政治提供合法性的支持,而混乱的政治局面使得罗马的贵族统治阶级也无法捍卫宗教的正统地位,反而互相加剧了彼此的危机局面,这一结局正是共和时期的宗教与政治紧密联系的结果。
[Abstract]:The traditional polytheistic belief in Rome has a long history. On the basis of the religion of the Latin people, it also absorbs the religions of other Italian peoples (such as the Idararia) and the religions of ancient Greece. In the Roman Republican period, a complete polytheistic worship system was formed, with exclusive clergy and corresponding religious activities. The religions of the Roman Republican period included the religion of public life and the religion of private family life. Among them, the main public religious activities include religious festivals, worship and prayer to the gods, divination and oracle activities. Religious celebrations are the most important public activities in Rome, and the worship of the gods is related to people's confidence in the country. It is an important duty of state officials to preside over such religious celebrations and sacrifices to gods. Any country needs to divination or enquire about oracle, otherwise it will not have legitimacy. Thus it can be seen that during the Republican period, religion was not only related to everyone's private spiritual life, but also closely related to the political life of the country. Therefore, both the Senate and the aristocratic ruling class of Rome attach great importance to religion, they always control religious power, and firmly defend the orthodoxy of religion. This led to profound changes in Rome's politics and society since the second Punic War, all of which affected religion. (B) the gradual corruption of clergy and officials and the neglect of their religious duties; Foreign culture and religion had a profound influence on Rome, and the aristocratic ruling class's excessive adherence to the traditional ceremony of religion led to the gradual rigidity of Roman religion. The continuous development of these factors led to a serious crisis of belief in Roman religion in the late Republican period. At the same time, the sharp contradictions in Roman society led to continuous internal conflicts, and both sides of the political struggle used religion as a weapon, which also affected people's piety towards religion. The religion, which caused the crisis of belief, was difficult to maintain political stability, but became one of the reasons for the political chaos in the late Republican era. From this we can see that Republican politics and Roman religion during the Roman Republican period formed an interdependent relationship. On the one hand, religion provides legitimacy for the Republican government and maintains the stability of the political order. At the same time, because of the importance of religion, the Senate and aristocratic ruling class also strive to defend the dominance of Roman religion. But in the late Republic, because of the religious crisis of belief, it was difficult to provide legitimacy support for politics, and the chaotic political situation made it impossible for the aristocratic ruling class in Rome to defend the orthodoxy of religion. Instead, each other intensified each other's crisis, which was the result of the close connection between religion and politics during the Republican period.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K126
本文编号：2493458
[Abstract]:The traditional polytheistic belief in Rome has a long history. On the basis of the religion of the Latin people, it also absorbs the religions of other Italian peoples (such as the Idararia) and the religions of ancient Greece. In the Roman Republican period, a complete polytheistic worship system was formed, with exclusive clergy and corresponding religious activities. The religions of the Roman Republican period included the religion of public life and the religion of private family life. Among them, the main public religious activities include religious festivals, worship and prayer to the gods, divination and oracle activities. Religious celebrations are the most important public activities in Rome, and the worship of the gods is related to people's confidence in the country. It is an important duty of state officials to preside over such religious celebrations and sacrifices to gods. Any country needs to divination or enquire about oracle, otherwise it will not have legitimacy. Thus it can be seen that during the Republican period, religion was not only related to everyone's private spiritual life, but also closely related to the political life of the country. Therefore, both the Senate and the aristocratic ruling class of Rome attach great importance to religion, they always control religious power, and firmly defend the orthodoxy of religion. This led to profound changes in Rome's politics and society since the second Punic War, all of which affected religion. (B) the gradual corruption of clergy and officials and the neglect of their religious duties; Foreign culture and religion had a profound influence on Rome, and the aristocratic ruling class's excessive adherence to the traditional ceremony of religion led to the gradual rigidity of Roman religion. The continuous development of these factors led to a serious crisis of belief in Roman religion in the late Republican period. At the same time, the sharp contradictions in Roman society led to continuous internal conflicts, and both sides of the political struggle used religion as a weapon, which also affected people's piety towards religion. The religion, which caused the crisis of belief, was difficult to maintain political stability, but became one of the reasons for the political chaos in the late Republican era. From this we can see that Republican politics and Roman religion during the Roman Republican period formed an interdependent relationship. On the one hand, religion provides legitimacy for the Republican government and maintains the stability of the political order. At the same time, because of the importance of religion, the Senate and aristocratic ruling class also strive to defend the dominance of Roman religion. But in the late Republic, because of the religious crisis of belief, it was difficult to provide legitimacy support for politics, and the chaotic political situation made it impossible for the aristocratic ruling class in Rome to defend the orthodoxy of religion. Instead, each other intensified each other's crisis, which was the result of the close connection between religion and politics during the Republican period.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K126
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