托勒密王朝早期海军研究

发布时间：2019-06-14 03:18

【摘要】：托勒密王朝早期主要是指托勒密一世和二世统治的时期，这一时期是诸侯并立格局形成的重要阶段。文章对当时海军舰艇发展进行了介绍，并以托勒密王朝为例，对其早期的海军政策进行研究，进而分析海军在希腊化世界中的地位，，并且运用近代海军理论来分析古代发展海军的条件以及优势，以及其海军政策产生的影响。第一章首先介绍了古典时期和希腊化时期的战舰类型。古典时期的代表船只是三列桨战舰，这种战舰是希腊化时期大型战舰的基础型。希腊化时期的大型战舰是在其三列桨的基础上改装而成的，但是浆手排列发生了变化，由一人一浆发展成为多人一浆。同时作战方式也发生了相应的改变，古典时期的三列桨战舰时代，敌对双方主要是利用三列桨很快的移动速度，使用船艏的金属撞角来撞击敌舰；而希腊化时期的大型战舰则更主要充当海上移动平台的角色，甲板上搭载着重型武器和陆战士兵，在远处首先发射重武器（石块、弩炮等），在双方舰只接近后，甲板上的陆战士兵则跳上地方舰只进行贴身肉搏。第二章探讨了托勒密埃及发展海军的原因和有利条件。为了保证埃及本土免受敌人的入侵，拒敌于国门之外，同时保证进出口，托勒密都将海军作为首要发展的兵种。而且埃及发展海军还有相当有利的条件，优越的地理位置使其较少面临陆地上的威胁，充足的人口和雄厚的资金也使其比发展海军较其他国家处于更加有利的位置。第三章探讨了托勒密的海军战略所引起的一系列反应。首先是引起了海军军备竞赛。安提柯的陆军在希腊化世界首屈一指，但是在与托勒密的争斗中却被其海军牵制，为了达到政治目的，安提柯父子开始大力发展海军。而托勒密为了保住自身的海军优势，也加大了发展海军的速度，进而引发了军备竞赛。虽然托勒密最终在军备竞赛中胜出，但是却付出了巨大的代价：海陆军比例严重失衡；一种希腊-马其顿人政策的破产；经济受到了极大的拖累，并且形成了巨额的贸易逆差。
[Abstract]:The early Ptolemy Dynasty mainly referred to the period of Ptolemy I and II rule, which was an important stage in the formation of the parallel pattern of princes. This paper introduces the development of naval vessels at that time, and takes the Ptolemy Dynasty as an example to study its early naval policy, and then analyzes the position of the navy in the Greek world, and uses modern naval theory to analyze the conditions and advantages of the development of the navy in ancient times, as well as the influence of its naval policy. The first chapter first introduces the types of warships in the classical period and the Greek period. The representative ships of the classical period were three oar warships, which were the basic types of large warships in the Greek period. The large warships in the Greek period were modified on the basis of their three oars, but the arrangement of pulp hands changed from one person to one pulp. At the same time, the mode of combat has also changed accordingly. In the era of the three oars warships in the classical period, the hostile sides mainly made use of the rapid movement speed of the three oars and used the metal collision angle of the bow to hit the enemy ships. During the Greek period, the large warships mainly acted as the mobile platform at sea, carrying heavy weapons and land soldiers on the deck, first firing heavy weapons (stones, crossbow guns, etc.) in the distance, and when the ships on both sides approached, the land soldiers on the deck jumped on the local ships for hand-to-hand combat. The second chapter discusses the reasons and favorable conditions for the development of the navy in Ptolemy Egypt. In order to protect Egypt from enemy invasion, reject the enemy outside the country, and guarantee import and export, Ptolemy regards the navy as the primary force of development. Moreover, Egypt's development navy is still quite favorable, its superior geographical position makes it less exposed to land threats, and its sufficient population and abundant funds put it in a better position than other countries to develop its navy. The third chapter discusses a series of reactions caused by Ptolemy's naval strategy. First of all, it caused an arms race in the navy. Antioch's army was second to none in the Greek world, but was held back by its navy in its struggle with Ptolemy, and the Antioch and his son began to develop the navy for political ends. In order to maintain his naval advantage, Ptolemy also increased the speed of the development of the navy, which led to an arms race. Although Ptolemy eventually won the arms race, he paid a huge price: a serious imbalance between the sea and army; the bankruptcy of a Greek-Macedonian policy; and the economy was greatly dragged down and created a huge trade deficit.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：E153;K411.2

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