预期反馈条件下不同自尊水平个体决策风险偏好的差异

发布时间：2018-01-09 05:18

本文关键词：预期反馈条件下不同自尊水平个体决策风险偏好的差异　出处：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在决策领域,大多数研究首要的任务集中在探索结果利益最大化,近几十年来研究开始涉及到心理和情绪在决策中的作用,但对个体的特质差异因素探讨仍较少。已有研究发现不同自尊水平的个体有不同的决策偏好,但并未形成统一的观点,并且未区分出中自尊个体。自尊资源形成了自我保护系统,而自我保护系统是在威胁情境下获得自尊的形式。自我威胁可能会促使人们用金钱来交换自尊。决策任务中,对结果的预期对自尊来说是一种潜在的威胁,因为预期做了一个失败的决策威胁到个人的积极自我形象。另外,对“未选项”(foregone option)的预期反馈也会引起决策者的后悔从而威胁个体自尊。不同自尊水平的个体在自尊威胁的情境下会产生不同的自尊维护策略,从而出现不同的决策偏好。本研究设计两种“预期反馈”情境,选取共16个高校21个专业216名大学生、研究生被试,使用Rosenberg自尊量表和两种不同决策任务,旨在探讨预期反馈下不同水平自尊个体决策风险偏好的差异。结果发现：(1)总体来说,低自尊个体冒险程度显著低于中自尊个体。(2)自尊水平和反馈条件存在交互作用。(3)在有反馈条件下,低自尊个体的冒险最低,但只存在于得益情境下；在无反馈条件下,中自尊个体冒险最高,也只存在于得益情境下。(4)损失情境下不存在任何主效应及交互作用。(5)在有未选项反馈时,低自尊个体最保守；而在自选项反馈条件下不同自尊水平者之间选择无差异。(6)自尊水平和选项存在交互作用。(7)低自尊个体在未选项反馈情境下较中高自尊个体更多选A1,中自尊个体在自选项反馈情境下比低自尊个体更多选择B3。(8)自尊水平和概率类别存在显著交互作用。(9)低自尊个体在未选项反馈情境下比高自尊个体更多选择高概率低收入类别,中自尊个体在自选项反馈情境下显著比低自尊个体更多选择低概率高收入类别。本研究表明,低自尊个体在面对自尊威胁时容易采取自尊保护策略,出现风险规避,而中、高自尊个体会选择用金钱来交换自尊,出现风险寻求,其中中自尊个体对于自尊的需求动机最高,其风险寻求倾向最明显。本研究一定程度上弥补了决策领域里期望效价理论以及前景理论对个体特质差异探讨的不足。
[Abstract]:In the field of decision-making, the primary task of most studies is to maximize the benefits of the results. In recent decades, the research began to involve the role of psychology and emotion in decision-making. However, there are still few studies on the factors of individual trait difference. It has been found that individuals with different self-esteem levels have different decision-making preferences, but do not form a unified view. And did not distinguish the individual self-esteem. Self-esteem resources formed a self-protection system. Self-protection system is a form of gaining self-esteem in a threatening situation. Self-threat may encourage people to exchange money for self-esteem. In decision-making tasks, expectation of outcome is a potential threat to self-esteem. Because anticipating a failed decision threatens a person's positive self-image. For "unselected" / foregone option). The expected feedback will also cause regret of decision makers and threaten individual self-esteem. Individuals with different self-esteem levels will produce different self-esteem maintenance strategies in the context of self-esteem threats. As a result, there are different decision-making preferences. This study designed two kinds of "expected feedback" situations and selected 216 college students of 21 specialties in 16 colleges and universities, and the subjects of graduate students. Using Rosenberg self-esteem scale and two different decision-making tasks, the purpose of this study was to explore the difference of individual decision-making risk preference of different levels of self-esteem under expected feedback. The risk level of individuals with low self-esteem was significantly lower than that of individuals with middle self-esteem. 2) there was interaction between self-esteem level and feedback conditions. (3) under the condition of feedback, individuals with low self-esteem had the lowest risk. But only in the situation of benefit; Under the condition of no feedback, the risk-taking of middle self-esteem individuals was the highest, and there was no main effect or interaction under the situation of gain and loss. Low self-esteem individuals are the most conservative; However, there is no difference in selections between individuals with different self-esteem levels under the condition of self-selection feedback.) there is interaction between self-esteem level and options. Low self-esteem individuals were more likely to choose A1 than those with middle and high self-esteem. Middle self-esteem individuals chose B3.8 more than low self-esteem individuals in self-selective feedback.) there was significant interaction between self-esteem level and probability categories. Individuals with low self-esteem choose higher probability and lower income categories than those with high self-esteem. Middle and low self-esteem individuals are more likely to choose low probability and high income categories than low self-esteem individuals in the self-selective feedback situation. This study shows that low self-esteem individuals are prone to adopt self-esteem protection strategies in the face of self-esteem threats. Risk aversion occurs, and high self-esteem individuals will choose to use money to exchange self-esteem, risk seeking, in which self-esteem individuals have the highest motivation for the need for self-esteem. The risk seeking tendency is most obvious. To some extent, this study makes up for the deficiency of the theory of expectation price and prospect theory in the study of individual trait difference.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B848

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