情绪启动对大学生工作记忆广度的影响

发布时间：2018-01-24 01:14

本文关键词： 情绪启动工作记忆广度大学生　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了适应社会发展的需要,人们更加重视科学有效的学习,因此影响学习的各种因素越来越受到关注,其中有关于情绪的研究日益增多。情绪对人的心理健康、生活和工作有重要作用。“心宁则智生,智生则事成。”我国四书之一的《大学》说：“知止而后有定,定而后能静,静而后能安,安而后能虑,虑而后能得。”在培养学习型人才的同时,人们体现了作为学习接受者的一些生理特点,教育者们也改进了教育方法,而工作记忆是学习中不可缺少的心理生理机制。因此,情绪的合理调节可以使工作记忆广度扩大,提高学习效率。工作记忆作为一种认知机制,在人们的学习中起到了不可替代的作用,是决定一个人能否完成工作任务的一个重要条件。工作记忆广度是情绪启动对工作记忆影响研究的重点,起着至关重要的作用,对此的合理干预可以影响学习者的学习效率与知识获得。国内外有关工作记忆的研究已经较为成熟,但是将工作记忆广度作为指标探索情绪启动对工作记忆的影响还尚未完善。本研究以随机抽样的方法选取了79名大学生为被试,探索情绪启动对工作记忆广度的影响。大学生是未来社会的中坚力量,所以努力完善情绪启动和工作记忆研究,提高情绪管理和工作记忆能力水平,对于建设学习型人才社会,推动社会发展具有现实意义。本研究预期以情绪刺激材料的类型为切入点,通过激发被试的正负性情绪,考察不同情绪对工作记忆广度的作用。使学习者和教育者对情绪启动有一个相对准确的认识,为教育教学工作提供依据。本研究回顾了情绪启动、工作记忆及情绪启动与工作记忆广度的相关研究,根据情绪刺激材料类型(图片、声音、视频)的不同设计了三个实验,将情绪效价(正性、负性)作为每个实验的自变量,运用E-prime2.0施测。实验一采用图片作为情绪刺激材料,被试在正性和负性情绪效价的图片呈现后,分别完成言语工作记忆广度任务和空间工作记忆广度任务；实验二采用声音作为情绪刺激材料,被试在正性和负性情绪效价的声音呈现后,分别完成言语工作记忆广度任务和空间工作记忆广度任务；实验三采用视频作为情绪刺激材料,被试在正性和负性情绪效价的视频呈现后,分别完成言语工作记忆广度任务和空间工作记忆广度任务。结果发现：不同性别对空间工作记忆广度的影响差异显著；不同情绪效价对言语工作记忆广度的影响差异显著；不同情绪刺激材料对言语和空间工作记忆广度的影响均差异显著；言语反应时在情绪刺激材料与情绪效价上的交互效应显著,空间反应时在情绪刺激材料与性别上的交互效应显著。通过对实验结果的数据分析和讨论,得出研究的主要结论： (1)男性在解决空间工作记忆广度任务上比女性更有优势。 (2)正性情绪的情绪启动效应效果比负性情绪好。 (3)图片作为情绪刺激材料的启动效应效果最佳。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the needs of social development, people pay more attention to scientific and effective learning, so the influence of various factors of learning more and more attention, more and more research on the emotion which has increased. The mood of people's mental health, life and work have an important role. "Ning Zezhi, wisdom is one of China's four things." the < > University said: "then there is only known to be, will then be able to quiet, quiet and then to safety, security and then be able to consider, consider and then can get." in the training of learning talent at the same time, some people reflect the physiological characteristics of the recipient's learning, educators also improved the education method, and work the physiological mechanism of learning memory is indispensable in psychology. Therefore, reasonable adjustment can make the working memory to expand the breadth of emotions, improve the learning efficiency. Working memory as a cognitive mechanism, in people's learning plays an irreplaceable role That is an important condition to determine whether a person can complete the task. Working memory span is the focus of the study of affective priming effect on working memory, plays a vital role in the reasonable intervention can affect the learning efficiency and acquiring knowledge. Domestic and foreign research related working memory has been more mature, but will working memory span as indicators to explore the priming effect on working memory is not perfect.
In this study, the random sampling method to select 79 college students as subjects, explore the priming effect on working memory span. College students are the backbone of the future society, so to improve the research and start working memory to improve mood, emotional management and working memory capacity level, for the construction of learning society, has practical significance promote the development of the society. This study is expected to types of stimuli as the breakthrough point, through positive and negative emotion to stimulate the subjects, the effects of different breadth of emotion on working memory. The learners and educators have a relatively accurate understanding of emotion priming, provide the basis for the work of Education and teaching.
This study reviews the related research of emotion priming, working memory and emotion and working memory span, according to the types of stimuli (images, sound, video) of different design three experiments, the emotional valence (positive, negative) as independent variable for each experiment, using E-prime2.0 experimental measurement. Using the pictures as stimuli, subjects were presented in positive and negative emotional pictures, complete verbal working memory span task and spatial working memory span task; experiment two using voice as emotional stimuli materials, subjects in the positive and negative emotional valence sound presentation, respectively verbal working memory span task and spatial working memory span task; experiment three used as video stimuli, subjects were presented in positive and negative emotional valence of the video, were completed speech down The memory span task and spatial working memory span task. The results showed: the influence of different gender on spatial working memory span difference; effect of different emotional valence on verbal working memory span was significant difference; effect of different stimuli on verbal and spatial working memory range significantly; verbal response in emotional stimulus interaction material and emotional valence on the significant spatial response in emotional stimulus materials and gender interaction effect was significant.
Through the analysis and discussion of the data of the experimental results, the main conclusions of the study are obtained.
(1) men have more advantages than women in solving space working memory span tasks.
(2) the effect of positive emotional priming effect is better than negative emotion.
(3) the effect of the picture as an emotional stimulus is the best.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

【参考文献】