群际威胁对攻击的影响—自我控制的中介作用

发布时间：2018-01-24 02:34

本文关键词： 群际威胁攻击自我控制　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：攻击是人类社会普遍存在的一种现象,也是社会心理学领域的一个研究热点。关于攻击的影响因素,已有研究发现群际威胁能够直接导致消极的群体行为产生,抑制或增强原有行为的消极程度。当内群体成员感受到外群体规模、势力更大时,现实威胁会导致对外群体的对抗行为,引发强烈的群际侵犯和冲突。现实威胁和象征威胁都有相同的消极后果,如偏见、认知准确性下降、攻击性集群事件等。有关自我控制资源对攻击性的影响研究发现,相比自我控制的个体,没有自我控制的个体会表现出更多的攻击行为,自我控制能够显著的负向预测攻击行为。群际威胁会对被威胁的群体或个体造成一系列消极后果,包括情绪反应、认知反应和行为反应三个方面,且无论主观感知到的群际威胁是否真实存在,都会引起真实的结果。以往研究发现,群际威胁与攻击之间存在显著相关关系,感知到的群际威胁会使人们对外群体产生消极的态度和情感,如生气、焦虑、害怕,同时也能激活多种消极行为,如歧视、对立、敌对、冲突和暴力行为,其中对立、敌对、冲突和暴力行为都属于攻击行为。同时,研究发现诸如愤怒、生气等消极情绪能直接导致攻击行为,消极情绪也能导致更差的自我控制。因此,在群际威胁情境下,被威胁群体体验到威胁感,引发消极情绪,可能会导致攻击倾向的增强,以及自我控制能力的减弱。另一方面,群际威胁与执行功能的研究发现,个体感受到偏见以及刻板印象威胁时,其执行功能会下降,并继而出现控制失败如攻击增强等。我国实行强制性分类的居民身份制度,由此形成了农村和城市、农民和市民两种基本的地域群体和身份群体。以往研究结果都表明两个群体间存在显著的社会差异,并存在内隐偏见和刻板印象。本文以农村籍大学生为被试群体,探究在感受到来自城市籍大学生的群际威胁时,是否会引起其强烈的情绪和行为反应(攻击),以及自我控制在其中的影响作用。本文通过三个研究来探讨不同类型的群际威胁对攻击的影响,以及自我控制在其中的作用。研究一通过实验室实验,采用单因素实验设计,探讨在现实群际威胁情境下,现实威胁与攻击的关系,以及自我控制在其中的作用;研究二同样采用单因素实验设计,探究在象征群际威胁下,象征威胁与攻击的关系,以及自我控制在其中的作用;研究三通过实验室实验,探讨群际焦虑与攻击的关系,以及自我控制在其中的作用。研究发现:(1)现实威胁和群际焦虑对攻击有显著影响,现实威胁显著负向预测攻击,群际焦虑—状态焦虑和特质焦虑都显著正向预测攻击;(2)自我控制在现实威胁与攻击中起部分中介作用,自我控制在群际焦虑—状态焦虑和特质焦虑与攻击之间起完全中介作用;(3)无论是何种类型威胁以及威胁是否存在,自我控制与攻击呈显著负向相关关系;(4)自我控制和攻击与消极情绪之间互相影响,消极情绪能显著影响自我控制和攻击,反之,自我控制和攻击也能影响消极情绪。
[Abstract]:The attack is a common phenomenon in human society, it is also a research hotspot in the field of social psychology. The influencing factors on the attack, it has been found that intergroup threat can directly lead to the negative group behavior, negative degree of inhibition or enhancement the original behavior. When group members feel outside the group size, more powerful when a real threat against behavior will lead to foreign groups, caused strong intergroup aggression and conflict. The real threat and symbolic threat had negative consequences, such as the same cognitive bias, accuracy decline, aggressive group events. The self control resource of aggressive, compared to individual self control that will have no self control show more aggressive behavior, self control could negatively predict aggressive behavior. The intergroup threat of threatened populations or individuals made A series of negative consequences, including emotional reactions, three aspects of cognitive and behavioral responses, and whether the real existence of intergroup threat perceived, will cause actual results. Previous studies have found that there was a significant relationship between the intergroup threat and attack, the perception of intergroup threat will cause people to foreign groups have negative attitudes and emotions, such as anger, anxiety, fear, but also can activate many negative behaviors, such as discrimination, hostility, confrontation, conflict and violence, including opposition, hostility, conflict and violence are on aggressive behavior. At the same time, the study found that such as anger, anger and other negative emotions can lead directly to aggressive behavior, negative emotions can also lead to worse self control. Therefore, in the context of intergroup threat, threatened groups to experience the sense of threat, causing negative emotions, may lead to increased aggression and self. I weakened control. On the other hand, the research of intergroup threat and executive function that individuals feel prejudice and stereotype threat, their executive function will decline, and then failed to control such as attack enhancement. Mandatory classification of China's implementation of the identity system, thus forming the countryside and the city, farmers and citizens of two basic geographical groups and status groups. Previous research results show that the existence of social differences between the two groups, and the existence of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. The rural college students as subjects to explore the group, intergroup threat from city college students in feeling, whether due to its strong emotional and behavioral responses (attack), and the role of self control. Through three studies to examine the effects of different types of intergroup threat of attack, and self control The role of research. Through laboratory experiments, the single factor experiment, discussed in the realistic intergroup threat situation, the real threats and attacks, and self control in which the role of two; also used a single factor experimental design, research in the symbolic intergroup threat, the relationship between the symbol of threats and attacks self control, and the role of three; through laboratory experiments to investigate the relationship between intergroup anxiety and aggression, and self control in the role. The study found that: (1) a real threat and intergroup anxiety attack have a significant effect, a real threat to negative attacks, intergroup anxiety and state anxiety have positive prediction and trait anxiety attack; (2) self control plays a part intermediary role in the real threat and attack, self control end between intergroup anxiety, state anxiety and trait anxiety and aggression All the intermediary role; (3) no matter what type of threats and threats, self control has a significant negative correlation with attack; (4) between self control and attack and negative emotions influence each other, negative emotions can significantly affect the self control and self control and attack, on the other hand, the attack can also affect negative emotions.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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