精神分裂症患者的执行功能的研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 04:42

本文关键词： 精神分裂症执行功能记忆转换抑制　出处：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病,临床症状主要表现为阴性症状、阳性症状和认知功能障碍,在精神分裂症的多种认知功能障碍中,执行功能紊乱被认为是最核心和最持久的缺陷。执行功能(Executive function,简称EF)是一种高级的认知过程,是指在完成一些比较复杂的认知任务时,个体对达成特定目的的认知过程进行灵活的调节和优化,并在此基础上对认知过程进行有意识的控制,从而使认知系统协调有序的运行,顺利的实现既定目标。执行功能缺陷会影响患者的生活、工作和学习等,对精神分裂症患者的执行功能的研究有重大的意义。研究目的：本研究根据Miyake的理论,将执行功能划分为三个成分：记忆、抑制和转换能力,旨在探究精神分裂症患者是否在这三个子成分上存在缺陷。研究方法：根据Miyake的三成分的理论假设,分别设计三种任务来测量执行功能的三种成分。其中,用韦氏记忆量表(WMS Ⅲ)的空间广度任务测量记忆能力,工具为空间广度板；用维度变化卡片分类任务(DCCS)测量转换能力；用箭头任务(Arrows)测量抑制能力；并且用综合的Dots任务同时测量记忆、抑制和转换能力。严格匹配精神分裂症组和对照组的性别、年龄、文化程度等基本人口学特征。根据不同的任务的特点,采用E-prime软件编制Arrows任务、Dccs任务和Dots任务并用笔记本电脑呈现,计算机自动记录反应,而空间广度任务则人工进行,并一一记录反应。最后用SPSS16.0分析数据。研究结论： (1)精神分裂症患者的空间记忆力受到严重损伤。 (2)精神分裂症患者在箭头任务上没有表现出抑制功能的损伤。 (3)精神分裂症患者在维度变化卡片分类任务上表现出转换能力的缺陷。 (4)精神分裂症患者的整体执行功能是受到损伤的,而且可以通过训练提高精神分裂症患者的执行功能。
[Abstract]:Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The clinical symptoms are mainly negative symptoms, positive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Executive dysfunction is considered to be the most central and persistent defect. Executive function (EFF) is a high-level cognitive process, which refers to the completion of some more complex cognitive tasks. The individual adjusts and optimizes the cognitive process to achieve a specific purpose, and on this basis controls the cognitive process consciously, so that the cognitive system can operate in a coordinated and orderly manner. The deficiency of executive function will affect the life, work and study of patients, which is of great significance to the study of the executive function of patients with schizophrenia. Objective: according to Miyake's theory, the executive function was divided into three components: memory, inhibition and conversion. Methods: according to the theoretical hypothesis of three components of Miyake, three tasks were designed to measure the three components of executive function. The ability of conversion was measured with dimensional change card sorting task (DCCS); with arrowhead task (Arrows); with comprehensive Dots task simultaneously measuring memory, inhibition and conversion ability. The gender and age of schizophrenia group and control group were strictly matched. According to the characteristics of different tasks, E-prime software is used to compile Arrows task, DCCS task and Dots task and present them with notebook computer. The computer automatically records the response, while the spatial breadth task is manually carried out. And record the reaction one by one. Finally, use SPSS16.0 to analyze the data. The study concluded that:. 1) the spatial memory of schizophrenic patients is severely impaired. (2) schizophrenic patients showed no inhibitory effects on arrowhead tasks. Schizophrenic patients showed a deficit in their ability to change their cards on dimensional change card sorting tasks. 4) the overall executive function of schizophrenic patients is impaired and can be improved by training.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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