社交焦虑对个体凝视效应的影响

发布时间：2018-02-16 14:11

本文关键词： 社交焦虑凝视效应注视方向威胁性程度　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：焦虑的认知理论认为,对威胁刺激的注意偏向以及对模糊事件进行负性解释的认知偏向是社交焦虑个体的焦虑状态得以产生和保持的关键因素。以往大多数研究关注的社交线索是面部表情,而忽略了另一种更细微更常见的社交线索——眼睛的注视方向(gaze direction),这是一种相对模糊的刺激,有更多的空间让焦虑个体产生焦虑特有的解释和加工偏向。凝视效应也是一种直视探测优势,从进化论的角度来讲,其产生的原因是因为直视刺激带有重要的社会信息,甚至能阻止危险的发生,有利于个体生存。在日常生活中,当我们注视他人的眼睛时往往会出现两种情况：他(她)看着你或不看你,前者是两个人在眼神上的接触(eye contact)称之为直视,而后者为斜视。直视作为一种特殊的注视方向,可以传递许多非言语信息,如友好、亲密、愤怒和攻击等等,而社交焦虑个体更容易将直视这一种眼神接触评估为威胁性刺激。本研究分为两个研究(三个实验),研究一的目的是探索社交焦虑对个体凝视效应的产生是否会产生影响,如果有影响,则进一步探讨这种影响产生的原因是否与社交焦虑个体对直视图片威胁性程度的评估有关。研究二则采用ERP技术探讨社交焦虑对个体凝视效应的影响是来源于个体对直视刺激的早期注意还是来源于后期更高级的认知加工。首先,采用负面评价恐惧量表和交往焦虑量表进行测量,以最高分和最低分的27%将被试分为高社交焦虑组(HSA)和低社交焦虑组(LSA)。研究一的结果显示,所有个体都产生了凝视效应,分组与注视方向的交互作用显著,高社交焦虑个体探测直视的反应时比低社交焦虑个体更短。主观威胁性评定发现,直视的威胁性显著大于斜视；内隐威胁性评定发现,对于高社交焦虑个体而言,直视图片属于威胁性图片,而对于低社交焦虑个体而言,直视图片不属于威胁性图片。这表明高社交焦虑个体搜索直视更快可能是由于直视刺激对于高社交焦虑个体而言是一种威胁性刺激。研究二的结果显示,直视可以诱发的更大N170波幅；对于高社交焦虑个体而言,直视刺激所诱发的LPC波幅显著大于斜视刺激,这表明个体对直视刺激存在早期注意,但是社交焦虑对个体凝视效应的影响是来源于后期更高级的认知加工。由研究一和研究二的结果可知：高社交焦虑个体的直视探测优势更明显,而且可能是由于直视刺激对于高社交焦虑个体而言是一种威胁性刺激；ERP结果表明高社交焦虑个体对直视刺激进行进一步晚期评估和加工,验证社交焦虑对个体凝视效应的影响是来源于后期更高级的认知加工。
[Abstract]:The cognitive theory of anxiety says, Attention bias to threat stimuli and cognitive bias in negative interpretation of fuzzy events are key factors for the emergence and maintenance of anxiety in individuals with social anxiety. Most previous studies focused on facial expressions. Ignoring another, more subtle, more common social clue-the gaze of the eye-gaze direction, which is a relatively vague stimulus, There is more room for anxiety individuals to produce anxiety specific interpretations and processing bias. Gaze effect is also an advantage of direct vision detection, and from an evolutionary point of view, it arises because direct vision stimuli carry important social information. In everyday life, when we look into the eyes of others, there are often two situations: he or she looks at you or doesn't look at you. The former is the eye contact between two people and the latter is squint. Direct gaze, as a special direction of gaze, can convey many non-verbal messages, such as friendliness, intimacy, anger, aggression, etc. Social anxiety individuals were more likely to rate direct eye contact as a threatening stimulus. The study was divided into two studies (three experiments) to explore whether social anxiety had an impact on the effects of individual gaze. If any, The second study used ERP technology to explore the effect of social anxiety on individual gaze effect. The early attention to direct visual stimulation comes from more advanced cognitive processing. First of all, The subjects were divided into high social anxiety group (HSA) and low social anxiety group (LSAs) with the highest and lowest scores of 27%. The results of study one showed that all individuals had a staring effect. The interaction between groups and fixation direction was significant, the response time of high social anxiety individuals to direct vision detection was shorter than that of low social anxiety individuals. Subjective threat assessment showed that direct vision was significantly more threatening than squint, and implicit threat assessment found that, For individuals with high social anxiety, direct view is a threatening picture, while for individuals with low social anxiety, Direct vision images are not threatening images. This suggests that individuals with high social anxiety may be searching faster because direct vision stimulation is a threat to individuals with high social anxiety. For individuals with high social anxiety, the amplitude of LPC induced by direct vision was significantly higher than that from strabismus, which indicated that individuals had early attention to direct vision stimulation. But the effect of social anxiety on individual gaze effect is due to the later higher cognitive processing. The results of studies 1 and 2 show that individuals with high social anxiety have more advantages of direct vision detection. Furthermore, it may be that direct vision stimulation is a threatening stimulus for individuals with high social anxiety. The results of ERP indicate that individuals with high social anxiety have further late assessment and processing of direct vision stimuli. To verify the effect of social anxiety on individual gaze effect comes from higher cognitive processing.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842

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