反刻板印象启动对创造力的影响及其机制

发布时间：2018-02-28 11:40

本文关键词： 反刻板印象刻板印象创造力认知灵活性　出处：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在万众创新的时代,如何提升个体的创造力对于促进经济社会发展和个体实现自我价值都具有重要的战略意义。对于创造力提升也是心理学界一直关注的热点问题之一,关于影响创造力的因素主要有情绪因素、认知因素等。有学者从社会认知的观点出发提出启动反刻板印象对于个体的创造力表现具有积极作用。目前这一积极作用的心理机制尚不清楚,但反刻板印象与个体的惊讶情绪、认知灵活性都有着密切关系。基于以往研究,本研究提出反刻板印象影响创造力的情绪-认知双路径模型,即反刻板印象是通过引发个体的惊讶、喜悦情绪以及增强个体的认知灵活性来提升个体的创造力表现的。为了更好的探讨反刻板印象、情绪、认知灵活性这三者之间的关系,本研究以大学生为被试,采用实验的方式探究了反刻板印象如何影响个体的创造力表现,共开展三个研究。研究一探讨了反刻板印象是否对个体的创造力有积极影响,研究二和研究三A考察了情绪和认知因素在反刻板印象影响创造力中发挥的中介作用,研究三B进一步探讨反刻板印象与创造力的关联性程度对反刻板印象与创造力关系的调节作用。研究一 A采用2X2的组间设计,自变量为评价对象性别和启动类型,其中评价对象性别(男性和女性)为被试间变量,启动类型(刻板印象启动和反刻板印象启动)为被试间变量,因变量为被试在海报设计上的成绩表现。结果发现反刻板信息启动组的比刻板信息启动组在创造力测验中表现优异。研究一 B与研究一 A采用同样的实验设计,以成语谜题范式测量个体的创造力,结果同样表明,反刻板印象能够提升个体的创造力表现。,在验证反刻板印象对创造力的积极作用的基础上,研究二探讨了情绪因素在反刻板印象对创造力影响的中介作用。研究二采用2X2的组间设计,自变量为评价对象性别和启动类型,其中评价对象性别(男性和女性)为被试间变量,启动类型(刻板印象启动和反刻板印象启动)为被试间变量。自变量的启动方式同研究一,因变量为被试在成语谜题测验上的成绩表现,同时用主观报告法测量被试的惊讶和喜悦情绪。结果发现启动反刻板仍然能够增强被试的创造力表现,但进行中介检验发现情绪的中介作用并不显著。研究三A采用2X2的组间设计,自变量为评价对象性别和启动类型,其中评价对象性别(男性和女性)为被试间变量,启动类型(刻板印象启动和反刻板印象启动)为被试间变量,因变量为被试在成语谜题测验上的成绩表现。研究三A的实验程序与研究二相同,除此之外对个体认知灵活性的测量采用问卷法。研究三A发现认知灵活性的中介检验显著,即反刻板印象对被试创造力的积极影响中认知灵活性起完全中介作用。研究三B采用2创造性领域关联(高、低)X2启动类型(刻板组、反刻板组)的组间设计。实验程序同研究一A类似,因变量为被试在海报设计上的成绩表现。结果表明关联性和启动类型交互作用显著,即当启动信息与创造力低关联时,启动反刻板印象信息比启动刻板印象信息更能激发被试的创造力表现,而启动信息与创造力高关联时,两者没有显著差异。本研究的主要结论是:(1)相比于启动刻板印象信息,启动反刻板印象能提升个体的创造力表现。(2)创造力领域关联性起调节作用,只有启动信息与创造力低关联时,反刻板才能起到提升作用。(3)启动反刻板印象对个体创造力的影响主要通过认知路径起作用,即通过认知灵活性起中介作用。(4)启动反刻板印象对个体创造力影响中惊讶和喜悦的中介作用不显著。
[Abstract]:In the era of innovation, how to enhance the individual creativity has important strategic significance on the realization of self value and promote economic and social development and individual creativity. One of the hot issues for ascension is also psychology has been concerned about the impact of creativity, the main factors are emotional factors, cognitive factors and so on. Some scholars from the social cognitive perspective the start counterstereotype has a positive effect on creative performance of individual psychological mechanism. This positive effect is unclear, but the counterstereotype and individual surprise, cognitive flexibility have a close relationship. Based on the previous research, this study proposes counterstereotype influence creative emotion cognition dual path model that is, counterstereotype is caused by the individual's surprise, joy and enhance individual cognitive flexibility to improve the individual creativity Performance. In order to better explore the counterstereotype, emotion, relationship between cognitive flexibility of the three, in this study, college students were tested by the way of experiment explores the counterstereotype how to influence the creativity of individuals, three studies were carried out. A probe has a positive impact counterstereotype whether for individual creativity, research and study the mediating role of two AAA investigated emotional and cognitive factors play in the counterstereotype influence creativity, to further explore the regulatory role of B on the three degree of relevance counterstereotype and creativity on the relationship between counterstereotype and creativity. A study by 2X2 A of the group design. The independent variable as the evaluation object sex and start type, the evaluation object of gender (male and female) is between variables, the startup type (start of stereotype start and counterstereotype) as subjects Among the variables, the dependent variable is the performance of the subjects in the poster design. The results showed that anti stereotyped information start group than start stereotyped information group performance in the test of creativity is excellent. A B and a A study by the same experimental design, to measure the individual idiom puzzles paradigm of creativity, the result also shows that counterstereotype can enhance the performance of the individual creativity. Based on creativity, positive role in the verification of counterstereotype on the mediating effect of emotional factors in two of counterstereotype creativity. Study two adopted a 2X2 between design variables and evaluation object sex start type, the evaluation object of gender (male and female) is between variables, the startup type (start of stereotype start and counterstereotype) is between variables. Starting with a study on the way of independent variables, the dependent variable was Performance test on idiom puzzles, and subjective reports of surprise and joy was measured by emotions. Results showed that the initiation of anti stereotype can still enhance the creativity of subjects, but the intermediary test showed that the mediating role of emotion is not significant. The research triple-A adopted a 2X2 between design variables as the evaluation object and start sex the evaluation object type, gender (male and female) is between variables, the startup type (start of stereotype start and counterstereotype) is between variables, the dependent variable is the performance of the subjects in the experiment. The test on idiom puzzle program and study a two identical, in addition to measure the individual cognitive flexibility by questionnaire research. Three found intermediary cognitive flexibility test significantly, namely counterstereotype as mediating positive impact on cognitive flexibility in creative subjects By three B by 2. Research on creative fields Association (high, low) X2 type (stereotype group, anti stereotypes group) between the groups with a research design. The experimental procedure is similar to A, the dependent variable is the performance of the subjects in the poster design. The results show that the relevance and start type interaction significantly. When the start information and low creativity Association, start the counterstereotype information than start stereotype can stimulate the creativity of subjects, and the information and creativity of high relevance, there is no significant difference between the two. The main conclusions of this study are: (1) compared to the start of stereotype, start the counterstereotype to enhance the creativity of the individual. (2) Association of creativity field play an important role in the regulation, only information and low creativity Association, can play a role in enhancing the anti stereotype. (3) start counterstereotype affected the creativity of the individual mainly through recognition Knowledge path plays a mediating role through cognitive flexibility. (4) the mediating effect of starting stereotype on individual creativity is not significant.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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