中央执行子功能在预期式时距估计中的作用

发布时间：2018-03-01 04:20

本文关键词： 预期式时距估计中央执行功能双向干扰效应　出处：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：时间是物质的基本属性，时距估计对人类生存和适应环境起着重要的作用。扩展的资源分配理论认为时距估计主要受到注意和工作记忆的影响，双任务范式下的时距估计会与执行加工水平的非时间任务产生双向干扰效应，说明时距估计需要中央执行功能的参与。Miyake等人（2000）认为中央执行功能存在三种相对独立的子功能，即转换功能，抑制功能和刷新功能。转换功能是指多任务或认知操作中，注意焦点的在多种任务或认知操作之间的相互转换的能力；抑制功能是一种基本的执行控制成分，包括抑制优势反应，，抑制自动化反应和抑制分心干扰；刷新功能是指人们根据需要不断更新工作记忆里的内容，在合适的时间用新信息取代无关的旧信息。国外关于预期式时距估计和中央执行功能的研究表明，不同的中央执行子功能对预期式时距估计的影响并不相同。因此，本研究将三种执行子功能与预期式时距估计结合起来，探讨不同的执行子功能与预期式时距估计的关系，并进一步考察它们对时距估计影响的程度。两个实验均使用三种执行功能任务和两种不同长度的预期式时距估计任务。执行功能任务分别使用Local-Global任务（转换功能任务），n-back任务（刷新功能任务），Stroop任务（抑制功能任务），3种任务在以往的研究中被认为可以很好的反映各子功能的水平；预期式时距估计任务采用2s和5s的时距生成任务。实验一采用双任务范式，分别考察三种执行子功能与两种时距生成任务的干扰效应。每一组被试都需要完成两个单任务和一个双任务，单任务包括执行功能任务和时距生成任务，双任务则是同时完成两个任务。通过比较单双任务条件下执行功能任务和时距生成任务的表现，发现三项执行功能任务与时距生成任务都出现了双向干扰，也就是说三种执行子功能（转换、抑制和刷新）与预期式时距加工分别竞争特定的执行资源。实验二采用被试内设计，所有被试都需要完成三种执行功能任务和两种时距生成任务，实验数据采用结构方程的方法进行统计分析。结果表明预期式时距估计的准确性主要受到刷新功能的调节；长时距估计的变异性主要受到抑制功能的调节，短时距估计的变异性主要受到刷新功能的调节；转换功能对预期式时距估计的影响较小。以上结果说明，三种执行子功能对预期式短时距加工和长时距加工的作用不同，短时距加工主要受到刷新功能的调节，而长时距加工受到刷新和抑制功能的共同调节，本研究也支持了时距加工的差异机制假设。
[Abstract]:Time is the basic attribute of matter, and time estimation plays an important role in human survival and adaptation to the environment. The extended theory of resource allocation holds that time interval estimation is mainly affected by attention and working memory. The time interval estimation under the two-task paradigm will have a two-way interference effect with the non-time task at the processing level, which indicates that the time interval estimation needs the participation of the central executive function. Miyake et al. 2000) think that there are three relatively independent sub-functions of the central executive function. The conversion function refers to the ability to change the focus of attention between tasks or cognitive operations in multitasking or cognitive operations, and the inhibitory function is a basic executive control component. This includes suppressing dominant responses, suppressing automated responses, and suppressing distractions; refresh means that people constantly update their working memory as needed. At the appropriate time, new information is used to replace the old independent information. Foreign studies on the expected time interval estimation and central executive function show that different central executor functions have different effects on the expected time interval estimation. In this study, three kinds of executor functions are combined with the expected time-distance estimation, and the relationship between the different executor functions and the expected time-distance estimation is discussed, and the extent of their influence on the time-distance estimation is further investigated. The two experiments used three kinds of functional tasks and two kinds of expected time interval estimation tasks of different lengths. The functional tasks were executed using the Local-Global task (conversion function task / n-back task). Functional tasks / tasks are considered to reflect the level of each subfunction in previous studies; 2 s and 5 s are used to generate the expected time interval. In experiment 1, the interference effects of three kinds of executor functions and two kinds of time-space generation tasks were investigated by using two-task paradigm. Each group of subjects was required to complete two single-task and one double-task. A single task consists of performing a functional task and a time interval generating task, while a dual task accomplishes two tasks at the same time.Through comparing the performance of the execution function task and the time interval generation task under the condition of single and double tasks, It is found that there is bidirectional interference between the three executive function tasks and the time interval generation tasks, that is to say, the three executive sub-functions (conversion, suppression and refresh) compete with the expected time interval processing for specific execution resources respectively. Experiment 2 was designed within the subjects. All the subjects were required to complete three kinds of executive function tasks and two kinds of time interval generation tasks. The results show that the accuracy of expected time interval estimation is mainly regulated by refresh function, and the variation of long time interval estimation is mainly regulated by suppression function. The variability of short time interval estimation is mainly regulated by the refresh function, and the change function has little effect on the expected time interval estimation. The results show that the three kinds of executor functions have different effects on the expected short-time processing and the long-time distance machining. The short-time processing is mainly regulated by the refresh function, while the long-time processing is regulated by the refresh and suppression functions. This study also supports the hypothesis of differential mechanism of time-distance processing.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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