不同数感发展水平儿童基本数值加工的神经机制

发布时间：2018-03-04 03:05

本文选题：数感　切入点：数感不良　出处：《宁夏大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：数感(number sense)是对数字、数字关系及其操作的一种理解(Jordan, Kaplan, Ramineni,Locuniak,2009; Malofeeva, Day,Saco,2004; Schaeffer, Eggleston,Scott,1974; SieglerJenkins,1989).已有研究证明数感是预测数学学习困难的良好指标之一(Jordan et al.,2010; LocuniakJordan,2008; SeethalerFuchs,2010),早期的数感不良可能会发展成为数学学习困难。Jordan等人(Jordan et al.,2006)的“数感五成分结构”理论说明儿童数感的发展存在阶段性,各成分具有发展的先后顺序。因此,有必要对儿童的数感水平加以区分并进行更为细致的比较研究。数学认知(numerical cognition)是人类最重要的认知能力之一。认识并理解数字,获得一定的算术知识与计算技能,具备基本的数学认知能力是人们正常生活、学习与工作的必要条件。基本数值加工在数学认知中是最基础的成分,它也是计算等更高级数学认知的基础(Butterworth,1999; Dehaene,1997)。以往对计算障碍和发展性计算障碍儿童的研究发现,他们在基本数值加工上存在不足(Ashkenazi, Mark-Zigdon,Henik,2009; Landerl et al.,2004; LanderlKolle,2009; Mussolin et al.,2010),并且来自脑成像的证据发现他们在脑机制和加工进程上与其他正常同龄几童有所不同。因此,本研究将儿童的数感发展水平分为优秀、正常和不良三类,借鉴对发展性计算障碍(DD)和数学障碍(MD)儿童的研究,借助事件相关电位考查数感优秀、数感正常和数感不良三类儿童在无意和有意基本数值加工任务中的特点。本研究共分为2个实验：实验一以42名城市普通小学二年级儿童为被试(各组14人),通过物理大小一致任务,以ERPs为手段,探查不同数感水平儿童在数字自动化加工中的表现；实验二采用数字比较任务进一步考查42名不同数感水平儿童有意数字加工的认知特点。通过对结果的分析与讨论,得到以下结果和结论： (1)在无意基本数值加工任务中,行为和ERPs数据中都发现了大小一致效应和数字距离效应,表明了儿童在符号自动化加工中精确数量表征的完整和无损； (2)数感不良组儿童前额电极的ERPs干扰效应和正向的单侧准备电位(sLRP)表明他们在抑制错误反应倾向和任务无关信息方面可能存在轻微不足； (3)在有意基本数值加工任务中,发现了行为和ERPs符号数字距离效应,数感不良组儿童与数感正常组一样,在刺激呈现后约200ms激活了精确数量表征。但在大脑皮层上,激活的范围更广泛,数字距离效应在前额区的头皮分布也有所不同,可能暗示了任务对数感不良儿童的注意和工作记忆资源卷入有更高的要求。
[Abstract]:Number senseis to the number, An understanding of digital relationships and their operations Jordan, Kaplan, Ramineniu Locuniaki 2009; Malofeeva, Daynsaki 2004; Schaeffer, Egglestonn Scottt 1974; SieglerJenkinsn 19890.The sense of number has been shown to be one of the good indicators for predicting mathematical learning difficulties, Jordan et al.2010; uniakan Jordan 2008; Seethalerfuchsn 2010; early poor numbers may develop into mathematical learning difficulties. Jordan et al. (2006) the theory of "five component structure of number sense" shows that the development of children's number sense exists in stages. Each component has the order of development. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the children's number sense level and to make a more detailed comparative study. Mathematical cognition numerical cognition is one of the most important cognitive abilities of human beings. To acquire certain arithmetic knowledge and computational skills, to have the basic cognitive ability of mathematics is a necessary condition for people's normal life, study and work. Basic numerical processing is the most basic component in mathematical cognition. It is also the basis of higher-level mathematical cognition such as computation, Butterworth 1999; Dehaenel 1997. Previous studies of children with dyscalculia and developmental dyscalculia have found that. They had deficiencies in basic numerical processing, Mark-Zigdonnay Heniki 2009; Landerl et al. 2004; Landerl Kollex 2009; Mussolin et al.2010; and evidence from brain imaging found that they differed from other normal children of the same age in terms of brain mechanisms and processing processes. In this study, the development level of children's number sense was divided into three categories: excellent, normal and bad. Using the research on developmental dyscalculia (DDD) and mathematical disability (MDD), the authors used event-related potentials to test the excellent sense of number. The characteristics of unintentional and intentional basic numerical processing in three groups of children: normal and dysfunctional. This study was divided into two experiments: experiment 1: 42 children in the second grade of urban general primary school as subjects (14 students in each group), by the same physical size task, using ERPs as a means, In experiment 2, the cognitive characteristics of intentional digital processing in 42 children with different levels of number sense were further examined by digital comparison task. The results were analyzed and discussed. The following findings and conclusions were obtained:. (1) in the unintentional basic numerical processing task, the size consistency effect and the digital distance effect were found in the behavior and ERPs data, which indicated that the accurate quantitative representation of children in symbolic automation was intact and lossless; (2) the ERPs interference effect of the forehead electrode and the positive unilateral preparation potential (LRP) in children with poor number sensitivity indicated that they might have a slight deficiency in inhibiting the false reaction tendency and the mission-independent information. (3) in the intentional basic numerical processing task, behavioral and numerical distance effects of ERPs symbols were found. Children with numerically impaired children, like normal numerically sensitive children, activated accurate quantitative representations about 200ms after stimulation, but in the cerebral cortex, The range of activation is wider and the scalp distribution of the digital distance effect is different in the prefrontal area which may imply that the attention and working memory resources involved in children with logarithmic dyskinesia have higher requirements.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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