对防御性悲观策略使用者的应对方式和反思性的研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 17:21

本文选题：防御性悲观　切入点：消极预期　出处：《北京林业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：虽然防御性悲观策略被冠以悲观之名,但它与悲观人格特质分属两类概念。防御性悲观是一种认知策略,而乐观-悲观倾向是一种人格特质。防御性悲观策略指的是,在应激情境下个体设置不现实的消极预期,并且反思各种细节和可能发生的情况。应激情境下的防御性悲观被认为是一种有效的认知策略,可以帮助个体更积极地应对应激源。本研究一方面旨在探索防御性悲观策略的两因素——消极预期与反思性帮助策略使用者积极应对应激的内在机制；另一方面希望通过考察不同类型的反思性对策略使用者任务表现的影响,探索防御性悲观策略的反思性的特点。研究一采用问卷调查法,被试为一所高中的高一学生。我们收集了386名被试的防御性悲观、应对方式、乐观-悲观倾向三方面的数据,研究并探讨了乐观-悲观倾向、消极预期、反思性和应对方式之间的关系。研究发现,乐观倾向正向预测问题应对,悲观倾向负向预测问题应对、正向预测情绪应对。防御性悲观策略的两因素在个体的乐观-悲观倾向和应对方式之间起调节、中介作用。具体而言,消极预期在乐观倾向和问题应对之间起部分中介作用,在悲观倾向和问题应对之间起完全中介作用,两种中介作用中,消极预期均负向预测问题应对。但反思性可以负向调节消极预期的这两种中介作用。高水平消极倾向与高反思性的组合是防御性悲观策略发挥积极作用的关键。研究二采用实验研究的方法,抽选典型的防御性悲观策略使用者与典型的策略性乐观策略使用者作为被试。将每组被试随机分配到四个条件中,分别操纵他们对即将开始的任务进行消极反思、积极反思、全面反思、无反思(分心操纵),最后测查不同类型的反思性对两种策略使用者任务表现的影响。研究发现,反思类型对不同性别的两种认知策略使用者的任务表现具有不同的影响。无反思不利于男性防御性悲观策略使用者有效实施其认知策略,积极反思不利于女性防御性悲观策略使用者有效实施其认知策略；无反思利于男性策略性乐观使用者有效实施其认知策略,积极反思利于女性策略性乐观使用者有效实施其认知策略。
[Abstract]:Although the defensive pessimism strategy known as pessimistic, but with pessimistic personality traits belong in two classes. The concept of defensive pessimism is a kind of cognitive strategies, while optimism and pessimism is a personality trait. Defensive pessimism strategy refers to, in the stress situation of individual setting unrealistic negative expectations, and reflect various details and what might have happened.
Stress situation of defensive pessimism is considered to be an effective cognitive strategy, can help individuals should be more active to stressors. The internal mechanism on the one hand, in order to explore the defensive pessimism strategies of two factors - a negative expectation and reflective strategies to help users to actively respond to stress; on the other hand, hope that through the influence of reflective the effects of different types of strategies of user task performance, explore the defensive pessimism strategies of reflective characteristics.
A study using the method of questionnaire survey, high school students participated in a high school. We collected 386 subjects of defensive pessimism, coping style, optimism and pessimism in three aspects of data, research and discuss the optimism and pessimism, negative expectations, the relationship between reflection and coping style between.
The study found that with optimism and positive predictive, pessimistic tendency to negative coping prediction problem, positive emotional coping. Defensive pessimism strategies of two factors in the individual's optimism and pessimism and coping style between regulation, intermediary role. Specifically, negative expectations play a mediating role between optimism and coping with problems, play a full mediator between pessimism and deal with the problem, two kinds of intermediary role, negative expectations were negative to forecasting problems. But the reflection can be negative mediating effect of these two kinds of negative expectations. A combination of high level and high negative reflection is the key of defensive pessimism strategies play a positive role.
Study two used experimental research methods, user selected typical defensive pessimism strategies and typical strategies of optimistic strategy users as subjects. The subjects were randomly assigned to each of the four conditions, they were manipulating negative reflection on the upcoming tasks, positive reflection, comprehensive reflection, no reflection (distraction manipulation) finally, measuring the effects of reflective check different types of two kinds of strategies of user task performance.
The study found that has different effects on different types of reflection sex two kinds of cognitive strategies of user task performance. No reflection is not conducive to the male users of its effective implementation of defensive pessimism strategies cognitive strategies, positive reflection is not conducive to female users effective implementation of defensive pessimism strategies cognitive strategies; no reflection to male optimism users of the effective implementation of its strategy cognitive strategies, strategies of positive reflection against female users optimistic the effective implementation of its cognitive strategies.

【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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